May 29, 2025
The Lynching of Josefa
The Lynching of Josefa took place on July 5, 1851 in Downieville, California in Sierra county. Throughout history, she has gone unnamed, her name has been changed or only a first name was ever provided. Her name was Josefa Loaiza, as time went on, her name became only Juanita. She was the first and only Mexican woman lynched in California
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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex
This episode was edited byBex Carlos&Alex Rogpe
Sources
The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
Unspeakable Violence: Remapping U.S. and Mexican National Imaginaries (Latin America Otherwise)
Forgotten Dead: Mob Violence against Mexicans in the United States, 1848-1928
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WEBVTT
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Hi everyone. This is Carman and Christina and this is
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Estadias Unknown, a podcast where we talk about Latin American history.
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Is sometimes deterrible and deals with heavy topics like racism, corruption,
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and genocide. But more than that, it's also about resistance,
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power and community. And this is part two of a
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mini series I'm doing on the history of lynchings or
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mob violence on Mexicans in the US. In part one,
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I talked about the conditions in which Mexicans found themselves
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faced with mob violence in the name of frontier justice.
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Mexicans were often lynched for thefts, land disputes and racial
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prejudice or like xenophobic reasons. Yeah, and I share some
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examples of mob violence in California. In this episode, I
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want to talk about one specific case that made history,
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as she was the first and only Mexican women lynched
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in California. And throughout history she has gone unnamed, her
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name has been changed or only a first name is
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ever given to her. But her name was Josefa Loaisa,
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and for some reason, as time went on, she became Juanita.
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The lynching of Hosefa took place on July fifth, eighteen
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fifty one, in Downeyville, California, in Sierra County. It's located,
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it's still there. It's located on Highway forty nine across
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the Yuba River and Downey River. And for that reason,
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it was called the Forks at one point because it
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was like where the fork of these two rivers meet.
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And unlike many former mining towns, Downeyville is still there
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with a population of two hundred and ninety. It's like
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an unincorporated like you know those ones community. Yeah, like small,
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very small, like a lot of these former mining towns
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that are still there are like they're not big. Yeah.
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And as you can tell from the date of the lynching,
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the day before that was one of celebration aka Independence Day,
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but it also marked the one year anniversary of California
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joining the Union, and the festivities turned violent. After Governor
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John B. Weller gave a speech, the crowd erupted in
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a drunken celebration that turned into a riot that went
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on until the next morning. And maybe because of all
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that was already happening, on the night of July fourth,
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John Cannon felt inspired or moved or something to do
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whatever he did next. No, No, he was drinking with a
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group of men and then they were, like, I don't know,
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being drunk together and just loud and violent. And he
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decided that he was going to go to a shack,
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and these men followed him to this small shack. In
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the shack, Josefa was asleep in her house. She heard
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a loud bang. John Cannon had torn the door off
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a shack and he let himself in. He picked up
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her scarf that was on the floor, planning to use
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it to subdue her. Probably, oh my god, yeah, yeah.
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Her husband happened to be home that night, so jose
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and Josefa yelled at the man. They were like arguing,
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and he left. But it seems that this is something
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he might have done regularly, like break her door down
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and assault her. Really, yes, though this has never been confirmed,
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that's like the likely situation there. I think it makes
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sense because how did he like nowhere to go? Yeah,
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like why did that specific shot come to mind right
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away when he was drunk and rowdy and violent. The
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next morning, on the fifth, John Cannon returned to the
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house to apologize for what he had done the night before,
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but this didn't go well. Jose Josepha's partner was there,
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and he was demanding John Cannon pay for the damages
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to the door, as he should, right, And then jose
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and Josepha turned to each other to speak in Spanish
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to each other, and this just made John Cannon lose
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a shit? Is there right? Right? But he got angry
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red and angry with Red talking about me. Even if
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they were like he broke down their door. Yeah for real,
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they're probably like thinking about how much she should turn.
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Right.
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He called Uta a who and in response, with zero hesitation,
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she grabbed a knife and stabbed them in the chest.
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I stand, was she wrong? No? No? No? He died instantly.
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Jossein Josepha fled to a local saloon, where they were
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caught by a lynch mob. They were taken to the
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town plaza and this mob wanted to lynch both of
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them on the spot. And you know, the racism it
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was high that day. They had just been celebrating Marca
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the night before. Oh yeah, thirst for violence against anyone?
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Not why?
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It was off the charts. And I'm like, Okay, I
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understand stabbing someone is technically wrong, but where is the
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outrage for him breaking into some random shacks, supposedly random?
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Although he probably was trying to and there, Yeah, there's
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a lot of speculation that he was used to doing
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this to her. Yeah, so like where is the outrage then,
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Like these people were only basically defending themselves exactly. And
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so two men tried to step up and defend Jossein Josefa.
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One was doctor Aiken, who was like, no, you can't
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lynch her because she's pregnant. Oh my. The mob beat
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him up and threatened the other man who tried to
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defend her, and they were like, we'll kill anyone who
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steps up to defend her, like that was your warning, thirsty,
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thirsty for blood. Yes, some of the mob created a
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committee to supposedly try Josepha dumb and I say supposedly
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because like people try to claim she was not lynched
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because she had a trial, but a trial farmed by
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a mob ready to kill you was hardly it's hardly.
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Just yeah, that was not a jury of her peters,
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because these were angry white men who wanted to attack
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her from the get Yes, so you know, they had
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a supposed trial. They brought four witnesses who were all
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friends with John Cannon. Again, not just no, jose was
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allowed to say some words. Josefa was allowed to say
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less words his friends. John Cannon's friends testified that from
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the moment John returned to their house, the women looked
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angry and determined, and she had the eyes of the devil.
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Of course, he shouldn't even gone back, even if he
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was trying to apologize. Just stay the fuck away from her,
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Get away from her, get a job. Yes, and jose testified.
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So I'm going to read his testimony as it was
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in the book that I read, the deceased. And so
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John Cannon, the diseased, in company with several others, broke
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down the door to my room. On meeting the disease
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in the morning and asking him for payment, he used
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insulting language, called me a liar and a son of
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a bitch. He then drew back his fist as if
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to strike me, when I stated to him that I
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did not wish to fight. He was large and I
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a small man. At this time, Josefa came forward and
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told him to strike her. She was also insulted. He
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called her deer and then after that a whore. She
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went into the house and my solicitation. When in she
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took a knife from the table and as a disease
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was about to enter, still calling her bad names both
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in English and Spanish. She stamped him. Only one hinge
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of the door was broken. The top one had been
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previously broken, alluding to previous incidents. Right. Yes, the door
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was fastened with two staples, one of which was pulled
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out when Forcibly entered. That's all he was allowed to say. Again,
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Hosefa was allowed to say less. So she said, I
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took the knife to defend myself. I had been told
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that some of the boys wanted to get into my
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room and sleep with me. A Mexican boy told me so,
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and it frightened me so that I used to fasten
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the door and take a knife with me to bed.
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I told the the seas that was no place to
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call me bad names. Come in and call me so,
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And as he was coming in, I stabbed him. That
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sounds like self defense. She's over here calling her put
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on her own fucking house. And she was like, well,
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come in and tell me, And he did come in,
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So I don't know. I don't know about this. Yeah,
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free her. I'm gonna side it no matter what. Yes.
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In the documentation of the court proceedings, all the witnesses
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and the supposed jury. They were all named fully like
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first and last name, except for Hossein Josefa. Oh my god,
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Moselle was just hose Of course, Josefa wasn't even named.
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She was just written down as the defendant. That's it.
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It didn't take long for this quote jury to make
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their decision. They declared her guilty in just a few minutes.
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Of course it didn't. Yeah, and one could argue that
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they already knew what they were going to do. Yeah,
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one could very much argue that. Yeah, they told Hosefha
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she would be lynched and took her to Jersey Bridge.
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By the time she was at the bridge, the crowd
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grew to three thousand. Josefa climbed onto the scaffold, moved
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her long black hair out of the way, placed the
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rope around her neck herself. When she was asked if
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she had any last words, she replied, nothing, but I
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would do the same if I was so provoked. Honestly,
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I'm a fan of her, I love her. I know
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she's so real for that. Yeah. Then before she walked
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out to the plank, she turned to the mob and
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said adios senores. Wow, queen. She stood there calmly until
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the plank was pulled out from under her. The crowd
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yelled and cheered as she felled, and they left her
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like just dangling there for thirty minutes. Then they removed
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her and buried her with John Cannon in the same grave.
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Now why would they do that? I don't know. I
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have no idea. What about jose Oh, they threatened him
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to if he was still in town in twenty four hours,
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they would lynch him and he had to flee for
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his safety. Wow. Did I really not write that down? Yeah,
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that's what happened to him. Wow. Also, I want to
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know that the governor was part of the mob and
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he was pandering for votes during all of it. Of course. Yeah.
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And Josefa and John Cannon were buried in the same
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grave until they were the coup years later. So that
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a theater. That's disgusting, it is It is so offensive.
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This is the man that like accosted her and forced
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her to stab him, and they're going to go bury
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them for supposedly in eternity in the same grave.
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That's disgusting. It reminds me of Hugh Hefner wanted to
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be buried in the same grave Marilyn Monroe. Yes, even
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though like he had no right, like nothing, yeah, to
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be able to do that. And then they were only
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removed from that grave so that a theater could be
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put there. Like, wow, that's insulton injury. Yeah. And although
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she basically disappeared from history after the lynching, at the time,
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it must have been well known because even Frederick Douglass
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commented on it. Really, yes, he wrote that if jose
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Loaisa had been white, she would not have faced the
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same fate, and that she was lynched because of her
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cast and her Mexican blood. Yeah, he's right, he is right.
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Her lynching is unique for a lot of reasons, including
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that it's one of the only ones that are marked
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with a historical marker, which you can still find today
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in Downeyville. Really, but the marker says Kwanita, doesn't say Josepha. Wow,
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Like I don't understand what her name changed. I feel
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like that also had to be racist. I don't know, right, like, oh,
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you know what, Juanita sounds more cute, and we want
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her to sound like taken away her agency almost. I
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feel maybe I don't know, there's something there that I'm
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not quite like, I don't know how to say it. Grasping. Yeah, yeah,
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like we don't know the reason, but it feels racism
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and sexist. Yes, right, thank you. Yeah. Another unique aspect
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of it all is that at the time and before
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the lynching, like basically no one knew of her except
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the people that were friends with her. But like she
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didn't matter to any one until she did this. That's
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saying something too h So much could be said about that.
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The first mayor of Downeyville, William Downey, has a chapter
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about her lynching and his memoir what and he titled
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it Lynching a Beauty. Oh, I've heard of this. Disgusting,
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absolutely disgusting. Yeah. In the chapter, he says that her
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name was Juanita, even though it wasn't. Maybe that's where
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it came from. Oh, you know what, maybe he was
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the first to change it. Of course he got her
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name wrong, right, Like, that doesn't matter, Juanita, they're the
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same thing. He's like, every Mexican guy knows na juan
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Therefore a Mexican woman would be Kuanita. Yeah, something I
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honestly can't figure out. But he wrote that her name
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was Juanita and her husband's name was unknown even though
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it was and if it weren't for the lynching, Juanita
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would also have been unknown. And again it's not confirmed
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if he was the first one to change her name,
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but that's what she became known as, Juanita of Downeyville. Wow.
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And whenever you see this in any books that are
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not by people that are directly speaking about this in
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a racial lens, authors never gave her a last name.
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They claimed she was an unmarried sex worker and that
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justified this. Oh my god, she had a whole husband. Yeah.
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And it wasn't until very recently that her last name
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was discovered to be Loaisa. And that is because in
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eighteen sixty eight, seventeen years after her lynching, her husband
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Jose Maria Luisa, attempted to file a claim with the
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US and Mexico Claims Commission. This commission came to be
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after the Treaty of Vidalgo to set up claims by
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citizens of the United States and Mexico for losses suffered
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due to the acts of one government against nationals, with
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the other oh basically to handle. It was a lot
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of land disputes, is what happened, and so he asked
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