Nov. 14, 2024
The Puerto Rico Birth Control Pill Trials
The birth control pill revolutionized women’s independence in the US and everywhere, but came at the cost of Puerto Rican women who were experimented on without consent in the birth control trials of the 1950’s, overseen by Gregory Pincus and John...
The birth control pill revolutionized women’s independence in the US and everywhere, but came at the cost of Puerto Rican women who were experimented on without consent in the birth control trials of the 1950’s, overseen by Gregory Pincus and John Rock.
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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex
Sources
https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2017/9/28/the-bitter-pill/
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/pill-puerto-rico-pill-trials/
https://medium.com/the-lily/how-puerto-rican-women-were-used-to-test-the-birth-control-pill-7453a3b6ab73
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/gregory-pincus-1903-1967/
https://womanisrational.uchicago.edu/2022/09/21/margaret-sanger-the-duality-of-a-ambitious-feminist-and-racist-eugenicist/
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/pill-dr-john-rock-1890-1984/
https://remezcla.com/culture/birth-control-testing-puerto-rico/
https://www.wbur.org/news/2023/05/24/oral-contraceptives-history-puerto-rico-testing-massachusetts-ethics
https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/10/10029088/puerto-rico-sterilization-abortion-reproductive-rights-history
WEBVTT
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Hi everyone. This is Carmen and Christina. This is Unknown,
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a podcast where we talk about Latin American history. Sometimes
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it's horrible and deals with Tybee topics like racism, corruption,
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and genocide. But more than that, it's also about community
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power and resistance. Yeah, that's it. It's just a lot
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of order than how we usually say it. But it
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doesn't matter. Okay, Well it sounded wrong as I was
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saying it. Yeah. Also while I was out of breath
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as I was talking, I don't know what's going on.
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Also warning I might be low energy today. I'm dying.
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I have an illness that my child gave me. My
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throw is sore. Who know, I'm tired. So yeah, okay,
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that's okay. I'm glad it's to you episode. Yeah, you're welcome. Well, Christina,
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Today we're talking about Puerto Rican women being harmed in
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the creation of birth control pills. Wow, tell me what.
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This has been on my topic list for a long
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time and I know haven't had it was because I
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got it from our topic list. Oh I added it,
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like yeah a year ago. You even added some sources
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that I was able to use. Only one of them
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was like a dead article. It didn't go anywhere, okay,
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but yeah, I used a few of your sources. You
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did some of the work for me. Yeah, not so good.
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I did still do some more researching here. I'm not
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only using Christina's labor, right, right, But it was a
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good starting point for sure. Yeah. Well, I'm excited because
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I know this is going to be depressing. Oh yeah
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it is. But you know, it just got me thinking
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because last week, is it the Spanish version of an
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episode we had already done about the four sterilizations in California. Yeah,
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so I kind of want to stay on that theme
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of reproductive and medical injustice, if you will. But also
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it's part of, like, I don't know, a larger theme
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that we've talked about. I don't know, like using people
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of color as guinea pigs. I guess, yes, I mean
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we've talked about what the Guatemalan syphilis studies, the mustard
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gas experiments again, the foresvitilizations, to name a few Cornelius roads. Yes, yeah,
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something we haven't talked about, but we learned about probably
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in school, well not in high school, but Tuskegee. Yes, right,
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we mentioned it briefly in the Guatemalan Ziphilis studies. So,
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I mean, you know, there's a long, long, long story
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of this, sadly, yes, but yeah, before we get into
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the trials itself, the trial, let's get to know our villains.
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Some say that these doctors meant well because they really
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believed the pills were safe and that it would give
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women choices. And as a defending point, some have pointed
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out that when the doctors even handed out first control
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pills to their family members, even in their experimental stage.
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So who knows, Okay, but I don't think you can
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dismiss that women were also viewed less than even more
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back then, so more than today. Yeah, although we are
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reverting to that again, we're going back. Even though they
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said we weren't going back, we are. That laugh was
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actually a cry for help, no, I mean yeah, yeah.
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So the pioneers of the birth control pill were John
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Rock and Gregory Pinkis. Both of them got their start
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at one of the most evil places in the world,
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Harvard What a surprise, shocker. So. Gregory Pinkus was born
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in nineteen o three to Russian Jewish immigrants in New Jersey.
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He attended Cornell, another evil place, after winning a scholarship.
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I'm sorry, I'm laughing because I remember we said that
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in the Cornelis Rhodes episode, but I don't remember where
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he went, but it was one of these IVY leagues.
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What are these evil schools, these evil IVY leagues? And yeah,
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he won a scholarship to Cornell, where he excelled in biology.
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Eventually he became an assistant professor at Harvard and gained
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notoriety for his creative and innovative research in mammalian sexual physiology.
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In nineteen thirty four, Gregory achieved IVF and rabbits Okay, yeah,
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and this was the scientific feat, but it was not
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received positively by the general public, and they began to
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see why they began referring to Gregory as doctor Frankenstein. Wow,
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a bit much, I think, yeah, yeah, but for the
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times it makes sense. Yeah, it was like freaky for
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the time, but also around this time freaky. No, it
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was like a like a freak of nature. It was
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viewed as a freak of nature. That's why I said free,
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like the weirdest thing. Yeah, yeah, it's like a natural yeah,
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which some people still say about IVF that those people
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being Christians who want to run this country to the
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ground to the you know why, because they want the
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apocalypse to come because oh well yeah, it's in their
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book The Little Fiction, the oldest fantasy series in the world. Yeah, okay, Anyway,
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this attitude had a lot to do with the release
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of the science fiction book Brave New World by Alduiss.
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I don't know how to say his name, Eldis or Aldouis.
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We all know the book. Yeah, actually yeah, I had
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seen it, but I never knew what it was about.
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I'l just Huxley since I didn't finished seing his name.
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But yeah, I guess it's about fatherless test tube babies
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born with no human born. Sorry, sorry that sounds like
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today I'm saying, yeah, born with no humanity or spirit
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and you know this this I shouldn't need to say this,
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but obviously babies, children people born from IVF are not
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test two babies, and they are regular people fatherless. But no,
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still a belief like why do you think, oh, yeah,
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don't want gay people to be able to have access
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to And there's obviously a lot to be said about
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is surrogacy exploitative blah blah blah, which you know, it's
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not what we're going to talk about. But people should
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have families if they want them. Yeah, of course. So
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Gregory ended up being denied tenure and he was let
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go by Harvard because they cared about their reputation. Yes, yeah,
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I could remember that word. I was like, I was
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gonna say, like how people view them, but there's like
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a shorter way of saying that. Yeah. So Gregory ended
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up bringing a small private lab with another friend, and
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in the early nineteen fifties he was a proud Bye
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did she devil herself? Margaret Singer? Oh and someone else
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who I'm assuming is also she doubled. But I did
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not have time to look into Catherine McCormick about developing
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a birth control pill. Gregory was interested in this more
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for the science than the social implications or benefits of
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a birth control pill. He wasn't to help but to
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learn yeah, yeah, yeah, the science behind exactly. Yeah. He
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once said I am against women having sexual freedom, but
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I hasten to add that I'm also opposed to sexual
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freedom among men. Okay, well, at least that's like a
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balanced view. Yeah, that's truly funny. And before we get
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to John Rock, the other pioneer of the birth control pill.
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Let's let's take a quick journey on market singer. Okay,
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I feel like some people most people maybe I don't know.
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I don't know if most people. I feel like my
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view is very skewed because of this whole podcast, right right,
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But I feel like people know about her, right the
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name sounds familiar, but it can't like place. Oh okay,
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right now, she was like the founder of planned parenthood.
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Have you heard about how planned parenthood is racist and
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blah blah? Yeah, And like I hesitate to talk about
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this because this is also a viewpoint that the right manipulates. Yeah,
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but they have like, like anything they say, you can't
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even take parts of it because they are also racist, right, true.
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So it's like, okay, this is like shit calling shit
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shit like yeah, yeah, yeah, because they say birth control
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was created like as a racist blah blah. I mean,
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at the end of the day, everything ties back to
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racism and eugenics, you know what I'm saying, at the
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expense everything we have people indigenous people, including this country,
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you know what I'm saying. Yes, yeah, so it's not
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it doesn't matter, right So anyway, Yeah, Margaret's singer is
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known for her work as a feminist to help bring
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a birth control to the United States and around the world.
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What is less known is Margaret's dark motivations behind wanting
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women to have access to birth control. These motivations being
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racism and eugenics. Not shocking, rain, was she like trying
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to limit the populations of black women and like people
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of color? Yeah? Yeah, okay, So Margaret's early life and
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career as a nurse also led her to fight for
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women to have access to birth control. So it wasn't
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only the racism and eugenics, okay. It was also because
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she was one of eleven children ooh, and often saw
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her mother's stressed and overworked. And then later as a nurse,
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she saw the struggles women faced without access to birth control.
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And also during this point in time, the Comstock Act
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of eighteen seventy three was in place, and this made
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it illegal to publish, distribute, and possess obscene information, including
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information about medications or other methods of abortion and contraception. Interesting,
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you bring that specific thing up because it today it's
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something that's still being used by right writing. Another reason
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I want her to talk about this, Yeah, it's ever So,
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what's the word. M hmm. Ever green prevalent, Yeah, prevalent.
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What did you say, ever green? Yeah, like something that
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never goes away off the topic. That's like a yeah, yeah, relevant,
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sadly really yes, truly unfortunately. I'm sorry. I was gonna
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say it's shorter, but I was like, I guess people
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don't you like that? I said it so true. And
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of course, wanting women to have control over their lives
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and reproduction is a good thing. But Margaret Margaret was
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a staunch eugenist, as she wrote about in many of
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her writings, and she saw birth control as a safe
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way to limit the growth of certain populations. Those certain
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populations being black, condigenous people of color, of course, and
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for people well there it is, including poor white people.
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So yeah, well that's what the thing that poorably people
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don't realize that they're limped in with everyone else. Yes,
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and they always have been since the dawn of time.
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So Margaret believed the United States was suffering because of
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uncontrolled reproduction, especially from feeble minded people quote feeble minded,
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something we talked about also in the Forester Relations episode.
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We have feeble minded people living in city slums. Margaret
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subscribed to the eugenus belief that quote feeble mindedness was
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associated with abnormally high rates of fertility, which was also
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described as a biological menace. Wow, which is something also
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we talked about in the relations episode. I mean, because
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this is a Eugenus believe, you know, which we talked
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about a lot. Well, you can hear my child in
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the background, but I was gonna say this ties into
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the whole Latinas are extra ferdile. They love making babies.
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They love babies, yep, And so yeah, she believed that
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feeble minded people shouldn't have the personal liberty to reproduce
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as much as normal people. There it is, so Margaret
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saw birth control as a solution and was quoted saying
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birth control is really the greatest and most truly eugenic method,
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and its adoption as part of the program of eugenics
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would immediately give a concrete and realistic power to that science.
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So she was just putting it all out there. That's
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like very upfront. That's just hiding anything. She was saying.
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The quiet part. Yeah, it wasn't for later years. She
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tried to hide this and like these letters came to
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be I think discovered later. But I didn't really look
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much into that. Well, during these years, they were very
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proud of their beliefs. And now it's coming back, right,
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and Margaret's mind feeble minded people not only included I
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already mentioned this, but yeah, poor people, black people, people
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of color. In a writing called The Pivot of Civilization,
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mar Margaret wrote several pages about a sixteen year old,
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the black girl she knew from one of the planned
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parenthood clinics, who was supposedly feeble minded, and who supposed
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uncontrolled reproduction resulted in sixteen children who either died at
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a young age or supposedly became criminals. Honestly, I don't
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trust March, no, of course not. But that's another thing
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that it's another very eugenusic genuism belief, like, yeah, that
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the genus believe. I think, yeah, whatever, it doesn't matter,
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it doesn't Mexicans are thieves. Black people are more likely
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to commit crimes because they're black, not you know, all
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the other economic and socioeconomic things happening there. But it's
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because of the race. Yeah. So yeah, and this also
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I don't think we've mentioned it as much, but it
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also was for people with disabilities, right, yes, And of course,
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there's a lot more to be said. So one of
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the articles I used is about Margaret and her eugenist
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believes So I'll definitely be good if you want to
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learn more about that to read that article, because yeah,
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I mean there's a lot, there's a lot out there's
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too much. So now a bit about the other co
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creator of the birth control pill, John Rock John was
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born in eighteen ninety in Massachusetts. He went to the
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High School of Commerce in Boston and had never actually
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planned to become a doctor, instead pursuing a career in business,
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but he later discovered business was not for him and
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he turned to medicine, obtaining an undergrad and medical degrees
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from Harvard Harvard, John worked at different women's hospitals in
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Boston before establishing his own medical practice, where he mostly
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worked with the women having fertility problems. Although John was
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a devout Catholic and socially conservative, throughout his practice, he
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came to support access to contraceptives within marriage because he
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often saw women's suffer from collapse wombs, premature aging, and
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poverty from unwanted pregnancies. And John was also a professor
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of obstetrics and gynecology at Harvard, and he taught about
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