June 19, 2025

the Porvenir Massacre

the Porvenir Massacre
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On January 28, 1918, Company B of the Texas Rangers along with 4 local ranchmen and a US armny unit descended into the small town of Porvenir, Texas. They woke up the 140 residents and separated the men and boys from the women, younger children and elderly, then proceeded to gun down the able bodied men and boys over 14. This is known today as the Porvenir Massacre and took place during the ten year period called the Hour of Blood or La Matanza.

This is a very heavy episode, listen with caution.

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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex

Sources:

The Injustice Never Leaves You: Anti-Mexican Violence in Texas by Monica Munoz Martinez
The Lynching of Mexicans in the Texas Borderlands by Nicholas Villanueva
https://www.porvenirmassacre.org/https://thc.texas.gov/sites/default/files/2024-01/Porvenir_Marker_01.jpg
https://www.thestoryoftexas.com/discover/artifacts/harry-warren-porvenir-notebook-spotlight-1-1-19
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Ranger_Division#Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum
https://thc.texas.gov/blog/remembering-porvenir-massacre
https://www.texastribune.org/2020/08/15/texas-rangers-racist-violent-history/
https://www.texasobserver.org/century-porvenir-massacre-remembering-one-texas-darkest-days/
https://www.texasranger.org/Pages/History/Timeline#section-4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidio_County,_Texas
https://refusingtoforget.org/chico-cano/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canales_Investigation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Tom%C3%A1s_Canales


Lesson plans about Porvenir for teachers: https://www.porvenirmassacre.org/educational.html

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/historias-unknown--6253658/support.

WEBVTT

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Hi everyone. This is Carmen and Christina and this is

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The Study Unknown, a podcast about Latin American history. Sometimes

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it's horrible and us with tibetopics like racism, corruption, and genocide.

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But more than that, it's also about resistance, power and community.

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And I have to warn everyone right now, this episode

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is extremely infuriating, extremely depressing. Man. I don't know how

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many times I needed a moment while writing my notes

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in while finishing this book. And the book again has

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been my main source for everything, but there's a lot

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of other sources that are in the show notes. But

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the Injustice Never Leaves You is the book, but let's

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just jump into it. Last episode, I share two lynchings

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and textas that each marked important periods during La Matanza

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or La la les Sangre, the massacre, the Hour of Blood.

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And in this episode, I'm going to be sharing one

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of the worst instances of violens by the Texas Rangers

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during this ten year time period. And like the past

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several episodes, it is a very heavy topic. Listening with caution,

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so I was angry and sad and it was a mess. Anyway,

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I shared a little bit about the beginnings of the

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Texas Rangers in episode one hundred eleven, and I also

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mentioned a little bit about the cultural relevance of this group,

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like when other people think of them, they might think

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about the baseball team from Arlington, Texas or Chuck Norris

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and all those stupid Chuck Norris jokes that I never

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found funny. Yeah, do you know which was I'm talking about?

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Chuck Norris can punch so hard that I don't know. Wait,

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was he the guy who played the Walker Ranger show

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or whatever? Oh? Ok, that is. I wasn't sure because

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I'm not into like historic American, white American media like that,

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you know, right, same, But yeah, Chick Norris started in

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the show Walker Texas Ranger from nineteen ninety three to

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two thousand and one, and in the show Cordo Walker

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and James Trivetter. I don't know why you're saying. People

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want to go fuck anyway, the pair battle crime in

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Dallas and the entire state of Texas. They're going around

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using check Norris's martial arts skills copaganda. Sorry to cut

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you off, wait till you hear my notes. Come on,

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I'm just kidding kids. So yeah, going around using Check

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Norse's martial art skills to fight bad guys, and you

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can hear phrases like no one has killed the Texas

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Ranger and lift to tail the tale like just all

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shut the fuck up, shut it, buck up. We're still

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reenacting the weekends acting. Yet we can't stop. We can't stop.

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It's very clear who is bad and who is good

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in the show. Copaganda at its best. And that's my

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problem though with a different episode. And that's the problem

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with copaganda if you have no brain anyway. At the

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Texas Ranger Museum in Waco, Texas, there's nothing but legendary

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tales and epic fights. Sorry, legendary tales about epic fights

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and holding up justice in the wastelands of Texas and

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the bad lands of Texas whatever. It's all stories of

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heroism and bravery. It wasn't until very very recently that

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the website for the Waco Texas Rangers Museum even mentioned Need.

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It was like literally in the past three or four

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years before that, zero mentioned of portve Need and they

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even have a timeline of Texas Ranger history and that

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Waco Texas Museum website and in the year nineteen eighteen,

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nothing about Bortvenide until like they were called out. Oh wow,

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I was gonna ask how it came about, called out,

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called out repeatedly wow, because you know twenty twenty was

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like a mass calling out right, and that included the

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this museum. So four there was no information about the

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board of the need massacre, not in the website for

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the Texas Ranger Museum. And this is the official website

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for the Texas Ranger Museum and the official website for

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the official museum for the Texas readers. It's always the

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same shit with this fucking country man, like they never

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want to admit or take accountability reckon with any of

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the horrible atrocities they did. And that's why we are

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where we are right now, because you can't you can't improve,

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you can't make things better until you take accountability. And

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how can you take accountability when you're like the history

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textbooks they're trying to use. I don't know if it

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was Texas or Oklahoma or what backwards ask fucking place

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they were trying to do, not trying, I think they're

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using them, but they're they're teaching slavery almost like if

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it was like an option for enslaved people to be

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and that they liked it, that they liked it. Yeah, right,

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like you're you're lying and white watching history, Yes, and

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then you get mad and we talk about the truth

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or want to learn about our actual history, and I

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take you want to blame white people for everything. Well, well,

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if the shoe fits, bitch. Sorry, we're heated already anyway.

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Speaking of school systems, Texas public school students spend one

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year on Texas history, and in that one year curriculum,

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there is zero mention of bid of course, yeah, or

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any of the violence enacted by the Texas Rangers, but

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their heroism. Yeah. And the website I was mentioning Texas

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Ranger dot org has five sentences on burvnide. Oh my god,

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I've said I counted them five sentences. What do they

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say before I mention what they say? Let's let's talk

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about what happened. Also, sorry in previous episodes, I think

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I said nineteen fifteen, but this happened in nineteen eighteen. Oh,

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it's only three year difference. Yeah, I was very close.

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I was going off the top of my head. I

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hadn't gotten there in my reading, you know too, Yeah,

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three years off. So Portve Need was a close knit

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ranching community one hundred and seventy miles southeast of in Baso.

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And I say this because some people only know, like me,

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only in a world Baso is right, if you even know,

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because not all of us ip into Texas, you know,

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but I think it's generally known. It's by the border. Yeah,

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the border town in an area known as the Big Bend.

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And this is where the Rio Bravo or the Rio

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Grande meets the tip of the rocky mountains and then bends,

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hence the name Big Bend. People living here are surrounded

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by Mexico on three sides and then one side is Texas,

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almost like if the border is arbitrary. It's almost like

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if it was fucking made up, almost like it was Mexico. Yeah, yeah, stupid.

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There's intense summers, little rainfall, so like rough Place Eleve

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in this region. The Bend goes from Candelaria to Marfa, Texas.

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And if you don't know, have you heard of like

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the Marfa Lights No, well those into the paranormal Mary Yeah, anyway,

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and the Big Band includes sounds like Alpine, Marathon, Sanderson,

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and Dryden. And you know from what I've read, because

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again I've never been there. It was a popular filming

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location for westerns, and it's also where No Country for

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Old Men was filmed in two thousand and seven, and

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some people apparently go there for hiking. I don't know,

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that's what I read. Don't quote me because like why,

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but I'm picturing it how it looks like how like

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the mountains in Arizon, Arizona, and those are beautiful, honestly, Okay, okay,

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so you know, okay, And what a need was in

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the northeast region of Big Bend, so like in insane

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close to the Mexico like literally a couple steps and

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you're in Mexico. Now, the area is a ghost town.

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It is highly it's abandoned and likes a It's a

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region used by cartels, heavily guarded by the border Patrol,

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which is very militarized. But back then, unlike other parts

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of Texas until the year nineteen oh four, things remained

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almost unchanged after the Mexican American War, like this was

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pretty much still Mexican. The people of Portoveni, they were

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all Mexican. They paid in vessels. When they did pay,

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they mostly had a bartering system with each other. It

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was a very you know, close knit community. Even with

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the construction of Fort Davis in eighteen fifty four, things

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in Portoveni specifically didn't change. In the surrounding towns a

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little bit, but not that much at first. Again, not

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until nineteen oh four when the railroad connected like the

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bigger cities through this area and more Anglos started arriving.

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But before that, any Anglos that were there usually a

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similated and were marrying into Mexican families. They learned Spanish

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and like you know, people hear the Mexicans, they had

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their own elected officials. Again, they used vessels, they didn't

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even use the dollar. When the railroad was built, then

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that's when more Anglos began arriving. And these anglos, they're

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not feel the need to assimilate. They wanted nothing to

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do with Mexicans. They were the type of anglos that

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I've been discussing over the past few episodes, the ones

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that were like, why are there Mexicans in this area

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that is Mexican that I just moved to. Yes, I

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wanted to look like me even though I just not here.

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And this wasn't just Porvani it was like again, Portvinatees

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is now ghost town, but this whole region of Texas,

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Prestidio County, the other county right next to it, this

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whole part, they were all going through this. Then you

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add in the other things we haven't talking about, like

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the Mexican Revolution and Plande San Diego, which I will

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add one correction here. There were raids by Mexican revolutionaries.

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I don't want to downplay that. I think you said

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there was. Oh I thought I said there was. Okay, No,

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you're right, I did. Oh you know what. Okay, I

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thought you said that there was, but not as much

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as they were trying to make it seem. Yes, yes, okay,

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thank you. I wasn't sure what I said. You know,

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I'm pretty sure that's what you said. Well, if I

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did what I'm saying it now, like Pancho Villa did

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burn some small ranches, okay, like it happened, And none

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of these raids were ever tied to the San Diego

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as far as like a documented, documented attack that was

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part of it the San Diego that ever happened. But

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there were several raids by Mexican revolutionaries and also Mexican

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bandits who were able to thrive in this very heavily

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policed area where they were able to get away, and

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then you know, someone else would the rangers would come

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in and blame someone else for it, and so they

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were continuing to do their stuff. It wasn't just revolutionaries.

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It was also some Mexican bandits. Okay, Like I don't

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want to downplay that, and like you know, other people

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have gone on and on about the horrible dirty discussing

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evil bandits. I'm not gonna be doing that. So that's

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all I'm saying about them, that it happened, and that's

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it was, I underside, not just kidding, kidding that. And

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so yeah, raids happened, like an attempted raid at King's Ranch,

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and that was not part of the San Diego that

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was never confirmed. Again, that was just a plan, but

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Anglos Anglo settlers and Texas rangers conflated the two things,

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using that to justify attacks on Mexicans who had nothing

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to do with any of it. And I just wanted

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to repeat that because I wanted to make it clear

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that repeating you anyway back to Portvenide, this is the

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context leading up to that day, because we love context

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I don't care if I'm repeating it. So, on December

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twenty fifth, nineteen seventeen, raiders from Mexico attack the Bright

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Ranch not super far from portve Need. Three people were

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killed during this raid, one white like coach driver and

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two Mexicans. And after this, for some reason, the Texas

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Rangers and local ranchers suspected the people of ported for

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this raid on that ranch. So then Company B of

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the Rangers searched the town of Pored on the twenty six,

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and they found nothing. Everyone had weapons back then, right,

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Everyone just had weapons. It was normal. It wasn't anything suspicious.

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So they took all the weapons they found along with

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two men as prisoners who they later released, And that's

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after taking them on a two day walk wherever they

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were at, and then just released them from there and

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just said all right, go wind or whatever. Yeah. Wow,

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at least they didn't kill them on their way, right,

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like Yeah. Also, some accounts say that this search and

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seizure of weapons took place on the twenty six, others

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say took place on the twenty fourth, four days before

213
00:13:03.000 --> 00:13:06.759
the massacre. Either way, it was, it happened for sure,

214
00:13:07.080 --> 00:13:09.200
just I don't know what day twenty four to twenty six.

215
00:13:10.240 --> 00:13:13.960
There was zero evidence that anyone from Portvinit had had

216
00:13:14.039 --> 00:13:17.360
been involved at all on the raid at the ranch,

217
00:13:18.440 --> 00:13:22.240
but the Rangers insisted that they believed that the townspeople

218
00:13:22.320 --> 00:13:28.039
were hiding a known bandit, Chico Caano. And I accidentally

219
00:13:28.080 --> 00:13:31.600
kept writing Chico Cano, like the corrido of Chicocano, But

220
00:13:31.639 --> 00:13:33.799
that's a different Francisco. I don't even think that guy's

221
00:13:33.840 --> 00:13:36.799
name was Francisco. That was from the nineteen seventies, one

222
00:13:36.840 --> 00:13:40.120
of my favorite corridos, but no Chicocano. He was wanted

223
00:13:40.200 --> 00:13:44.679
for several crimes, including the nineteen fifteen murder of former

224
00:13:44.759 --> 00:13:48.120
Texas Ranger Joe Sitter. And that's the story for another

225
00:13:48.159 --> 00:13:50.720
day because I haven't really looked much into Chicocano. Was

226
00:13:50.720 --> 00:13:54.960
that murder justified? I don't know. Yeah, I'm sorry, I'll

227
00:13:54.960 --> 00:13:58.120
stop doing this. I don't know what happened really, So

228
00:14:00.080 --> 00:14:05.120
that's who they were accusing Borbnid of harboring Chico Cano.

229
00:14:09.720 --> 00:14:13.200
So then on the night of January twenty seventh, nineteen eighteen,

230
00:14:13.440 --> 00:14:17.200
the Texas Rangers rode into the camp of the eight

231
00:14:17.399 --> 00:14:22.679
Cavalry Regiment looking for Captain Harry Anderson. They presented a

232
00:14:22.759 --> 00:14:27.600
letter from Colonel Langhorn, and this letter instructed the Cavalry

233
00:14:27.600 --> 00:14:30.840
Regiment to assist the Rangers in searching the people of

234
00:14:31.559 --> 00:14:34.639
the Army is the army, Yeah, cavalry is the army.

235
00:14:34.720 --> 00:14:36.600
I wasn't sure. I feel like you never said army

236
00:14:36.639 --> 00:14:38.879
and then you extracting to know these military terms. Oh,

237
00:14:38.960 --> 00:14:42.759
I thought everybody knew what cavalry meant. But you're right. No,

238
00:14:43.440 --> 00:14:46.320
my bad, maybe maybi, Yeah that's the army. I mean,

239
00:14:46.320 --> 00:14:49.000
I've heard it Pacific Regiment. Didn't know it was specific

240
00:14:49.080 --> 00:14:52.480
to the army. Yes, specific to the Army. To this day,

241
00:14:52.519 --> 00:14:54.960
they wear a littlest special hat and the things they

242
00:14:54.960 --> 00:14:58.200
put on their boots anyway back to this, So that's

243
00:14:58.200 --> 00:15:03.000
who they the Rangers went to to get them to

244
00:15:03.120 --> 00:15:07.080
help them inspect. So the letter said, like, assist the

245
00:15:07.200 --> 00:15:10.159
Rangers in searching the people of Porvenide and making sure

246
00:15:10.240 --> 00:15:14.639
no one escapes inspection. And the captain questioned the Rangers'

247
00:15:14.679 --> 00:15:17.080
request to do this that night because it was weird

248
00:15:17.120 --> 00:15:20.120
to him, that makes sense, But in the end he

249
00:15:20.200 --> 00:15:23.120
did take his men and go with the Rangers. They

250
00:15:23.200 --> 00:15:26.840
left the Cavalry Regiment's camp at ten thirty at night

251
00:15:27.639 --> 00:15:31.759
in the early hours two am of January twenty eight.

252
00:15:31.919 --> 00:15:35.480
So the next day, nineteen eighteen, Company B of the

253
00:15:35.519 --> 00:15:39.879
Texas Rangers, along with four local ranchmen named Buck Pool,

254
00:15:40.519 --> 00:15:46.360
John Poole, Tom Snyder, and Raymond Fitzgerald, along with the cavalry,

255
00:15:46.519 --> 00:15:49.279
they just volunteered for this. Oh. These were local ranchmen

256
00:15:50.360 --> 00:15:54.480
who were supposedly afraid of the what we need people

257
00:15:54.519 --> 00:15:56.919
because they were like, oh, they're hiding Chico Gano. Oh

258
00:15:56.960 --> 00:16:00.480
they attacked the Bright Ranch. Yeah. So yeah, they just

259
00:16:00.519 --> 00:16:04.480
volunteered for this, the ranchmen. Right, So, the Company B

260
00:16:04.600 --> 00:16:07.200
of the Texas Rangers, these four local ranchmen, and then

261
00:16:07.480 --> 00:16:12.480
the eighth US Cavalry Regiment, they all went into the

262
00:16:12.480 --> 00:16:15.120
small town of Borvenide. And it's really it's not even

263
00:16:15.159 --> 00:16:17.759
like a town. Calendar of the town is like an exaggeration.

264
00:16:17.840 --> 00:16:22.000
It's like it's smaller than a town. A village maybe, yeah,

265
00:16:22.080 --> 00:16:28.720
like like fifteen families that most lived here. Yeah. So,

266
00:16:28.759 --> 00:16:31.519
with the help of the eighth US Cavalry Regiment, they

267
00:16:31.559 --> 00:16:34.159
woke up the one hundred and forty residents, okay, one

268
00:16:34.200 --> 00:16:37.679
hundred and forty residents and separated the men and boys from

269
00:16:37.720 --> 00:16:42.600
the women, younger children and the elderly, and his memoir,

270
00:16:42.919 --> 00:16:46.600
Private Robert Keel, who was part of that eighth US

271
00:16:46.639 --> 00:16:50.960
Cavalry Regiment, wrote about trying to sorry if you can

272
00:16:51.000 --> 00:16:53.799
hear my children. He wrote about trying to reassure the

273
00:16:53.879 --> 00:16:56.360
scared women, telling them it's going to be okay. But

274
00:16:56.399 --> 00:16:58.799
that seen pointless because as soon as they heard rangers,

275
00:16:58.840 --> 00:17:02.480
they were deadly, deathly afraid, because they had this horrible

276
00:17:02.480 --> 00:17:06.559
reputation already. Yes, and he would later write, quote, this

277
00:17:06.680 --> 00:17:09.680
story will prove I believe that the terror was more

278
00:17:09.720 --> 00:17:14.440
than justified end quote. And so the rangers then searched

279
00:17:14.440 --> 00:17:19.640
each home for weapons. Then Ranger Captain James Monroe Fox

280
00:17:19.799 --> 00:17:22.039
dismissed the Calvary men. He's like, all right, you can go,

281
00:17:22.279 --> 00:17:25.039
And the Captain's like, I guess, like this is weird,

282
00:17:25.119 --> 00:17:28.200
but okay, we'll leave, like this doesn't seem normal. But

283
00:17:28.240 --> 00:17:32.119
they left. And so they left, and as soon as

284
00:17:32.160 --> 00:17:35.759
they left, the rangers lined up the boys and men

285
00:17:35.920 --> 00:17:39.440
and marched them to a nearby bluff. The rangers stood

286
00:17:39.480 --> 00:17:43.279
three feet behind the fifteen boys and men and then

287
00:17:43.279 --> 00:17:48.720
they shot them all. There were no interviews, no investigations, nothing.

288
00:17:49.799 --> 00:17:52.920
I'm sorry, but also like if they pulled out, everybody

289
00:17:53.440 --> 00:17:58.640
divided them up. Presumably that's everyone there, and that Chico

290
00:17:58.759 --> 00:18:04.599
guy was not there, right, what the hell? It's almost

291
00:18:04.599 --> 00:18:07.960
like they never they knew he wasn't there, and they

292
00:18:08.039 --> 00:18:11.319
just wanted to kill a bunch of Mexicans. Honestly, almost Yeah,

293
00:18:11.319 --> 00:18:15.160
as if it was like that. Yeah, so, yeah, they

294
00:18:15.200 --> 00:18:22.480
shot and killed fifteen people, ages sixteen to seventy two. Wow,

295
00:18:24.119 --> 00:18:31.319
sixteen to seventy two, Like, that's ridiculous, insane. From some

296
00:18:31.480 --> 00:18:34.480
distance away, the cavalry could hear the screams from the

297
00:18:34.519 --> 00:18:39.960
women and children, and about that, Private Robert Qle described

298
00:18:40.000 --> 00:18:43.720
what he heard. Quote for perhaps ten seconds, we couldn't

299
00:18:43.759 --> 00:18:46.240
hear anything, and then it seemed that every woman down

300
00:18:46.279 --> 00:18:48.920
there screamed at the same time. It was an awful

301
00:18:48.920 --> 00:18:51.319
thing to hear in the dead of night. We could

302
00:18:51.319 --> 00:18:53.839
also hear what sounded on like praying, and of course

303
00:18:53.920 --> 00:18:58.039
the small children were screaming with Fright. Then we heard shots,

304
00:18:58.480 --> 00:19:02.039
rapid shots, echoing and blending in the dark end quote

305
00:19:03.799 --> 00:19:06.200
that sounds like it would be so chilling. But I

306
00:19:06.200 --> 00:19:12.480
also wonder why did they go back? Right? Yeah, well, okay,

307
00:19:12.519 --> 00:19:17.480
so as someone in the service working alongside with someone

308
00:19:17.559 --> 00:19:19.839
else is supposed to be in this type of service,

309
00:19:19.880 --> 00:19:23.440
that's the same as your service. And if you hold

310
00:19:23.480 --> 00:19:26.200
yourself to like a high standard, like I'm following the

311
00:19:26.319 --> 00:19:29.440
law word for word, always the law, the law and justice,

312
00:19:29.799 --> 00:19:32.160
I don't think they would have ever suspected. And even

313
00:19:32.200 --> 00:19:35.279
though the Texas Rangers had disreputation, you know why, people

314
00:19:35.319 --> 00:19:37.799
they don't believe it until they see it, and so

315
00:19:37.920 --> 00:19:42.200
I believe that this whole regiment probably was like, Okay,

316
00:19:42.319 --> 00:19:45.440
they're not going to do anything, Like, what about after

317
00:19:45.480 --> 00:19:48.720
the screens and the gunshots, Well they do go back.

318
00:19:48.799 --> 00:19:51.240
Oh okay, well that's it. Okay, I see after the

319
00:19:51.640 --> 00:19:53.880
second round of shots. Okay, I can't see what you're

320
00:19:53.920 --> 00:19:58.480
saying that before the gunshots and the screams, they were like, okay,

321
00:19:58.519 --> 00:20:01.359
this is weird. Yeah, they heard the first round of

322
00:20:01.359 --> 00:20:05.240
shots and they stopped. Then they heard like ten seconds

323
00:20:05.279 --> 00:20:08.480
of silence screaming, followed by more shots. They were so

324
00:20:08.559 --> 00:20:10.279
far they couldn't make it in time to see, like

325
00:20:10.400 --> 00:20:14.079
or stop anything. Yeah. So yeah, anyway, let's continue with

326
00:20:14.119 --> 00:20:18.039
my notes here. The Rangers, the Texas Rangers didn't just

327
00:20:18.119 --> 00:20:20.880
kill these boys and men. They continued to shoot until

328
00:20:20.880 --> 00:20:24.640
there were only pieces of their victims left. You couldn't

329
00:20:24.640 --> 00:20:29.079
even like they were like indistinguishable from each other. That's horrible,

330
00:20:29.279 --> 00:20:35.640
And like, why this extremism? Why because they hate us,

331
00:20:35.720 --> 00:20:40.519
That's why. Yeah. As they heard the screaming and the

332
00:20:40.519 --> 00:20:43.680
insane amount of gunshots that followed, Captain Anderson ordered his

333
00:20:43.759 --> 00:20:46.960
soldiers to return to the area. When they arrived, they

334
00:20:47.000 --> 00:20:49.720
heard rangers yelling, we got them, Captain, we got them.

335
00:20:50.200 --> 00:20:55.079
Then the rangers rode away. The cavalrymen arrived at the

336
00:20:55.079 --> 00:20:58.160
bluff and set eyes on what the rangers had done.

337
00:20:58.839 --> 00:21:02.640
Private quel rot quote. At the foot of the bluff,

338
00:21:02.680 --> 00:21:05.480
we could see a massive bodies, but not a single movement.

339
00:21:05.960 --> 00:21:09.680
The bodies lay in every conceivable position, including one that

340
00:21:09.720 --> 00:21:12.680
seemed to be sitting against the rock wall. As soon

341
00:21:12.720 --> 00:21:16.799
as we were closed, we smelled the nauseating smell of blood,

342
00:21:17.119 --> 00:21:20.119
and when we could see, we saw the most hellish

343
00:21:20.279 --> 00:21:23.880
sight that any of us had ever witnessed. It reminded

344
00:21:23.880 --> 00:21:27.839
me of a slaughterhouse. A hospital corman who was with

345
00:21:27.960 --> 00:21:30.319
us went over to the bodies, but not a breath

346
00:21:30.400 --> 00:21:34.319
of life was left in a single one. The professionals

347
00:21:34.480 --> 00:21:38.200
had done their work well end quote. Oh my god,

348
00:21:38.480 --> 00:21:43.599
they killed everyone the fifteen. The women and children were separated.

349
00:21:43.880 --> 00:21:45.759
These were they were looking down at the bluff. A

350
00:21:45.759 --> 00:21:48.960
bluff is like you know, oh, I see, okay, so

351
00:21:49.000 --> 00:21:50.839
they got to the bluff. That's what you just said.

352
00:21:51.119 --> 00:21:53.920
I thought they got to the whole Like no, no, no,

353
00:21:53.960 --> 00:21:57.000
So well you'll seques I could see on how things

354
00:21:57.000 --> 00:21:59.759
went down. Yeah, I'm sorry, So you know, sound so dumb. No,

355
00:22:00.279 --> 00:22:03.559
you could keep it, okay, I'll got that fall for

356
00:22:03.640 --> 00:22:06.880
not writing these clearly not that's how it was written.

357
00:22:07.160 --> 00:22:11.480
Just kid, go on, go on, all right. Most of

358
00:22:11.519 --> 00:22:15.079
the bodies were missing their limbs, some so riddled with

359
00:22:15.119 --> 00:22:18.839
bullets that their faces were no longer recognizable. On top

360
00:22:18.880 --> 00:22:21.920
of the bullets, many were also full of stab wounds.

361
00:22:23.319 --> 00:22:27.039
When the cavalry spoke to the women and children, and

362
00:22:27.240 --> 00:22:28.720
you could tell they were still alive because they were

363
00:22:28.720 --> 00:22:31.160
the ones crying and screaming. Sorry, yeah, I don't know

364
00:22:31.240 --> 00:22:34.720
what's going on in my brain today. An interpreter, with

365
00:22:34.839 --> 00:22:37.599
her baby in her arms, told the cavalry what happened.

366
00:22:37.799 --> 00:22:40.079
She said, the rangers tied all the men together with

367
00:22:40.119 --> 00:22:42.920
a rope, then hit one with a pistol, knocking him down.

368
00:22:43.440 --> 00:22:45.559
Then they kicked and shoved the tied up men and

369
00:22:45.599 --> 00:22:49.400
boys over to the bluff. The women tried to protest,

370
00:22:49.440 --> 00:22:52.319
but they were also pushed and knocked down by the rangers.

371
00:22:52.759 --> 00:22:57.359
By the men, but then the interpreter says, no, not men, beasts, criminals, devils.

372
00:22:58.640 --> 00:23:01.960
Before the rangers shot at the men and boys, the

373
00:23:02.079 --> 00:23:06.920
rangers asked each one, are you Chicocano? They knew it

374
00:23:06.960 --> 00:23:10.279
wasn't him. There was pictures of Chicocano, some of them

375
00:23:10.319 --> 00:23:13.119
even have might have seen them. Yeah, there's like no way.

376
00:23:15.119 --> 00:23:19.400
Forty two children were left without their fathers. And also, sorry,

377
00:23:19.440 --> 00:23:22.319
don't they they would know the average age of Chico.

378
00:23:23.079 --> 00:23:27.319
They would, and so they would know he's not sixteen, yeah,

379
00:23:27.359 --> 00:23:30.160
like and sixteen year olds very much like sixteen year olds,

380
00:23:30.240 --> 00:23:35.839
you know, even back then. So it's like come on, yeah.

381
00:23:36.000 --> 00:23:39.519
Captain Anderson of the Cavity Regiment sent soldiers to Colonel

382
00:23:39.559 --> 00:23:43.039
Langhorne to go give word of what they just witnessed,

383
00:23:43.039 --> 00:23:48.960
this like atrocity that they you know, see the remnants of, right,

384
00:23:49.480 --> 00:23:51.480
and then he sent a second group of soldiers to

385
00:23:51.480 --> 00:23:54.400
go get a priest so that the townspeople can have

386
00:23:54.680 --> 00:23:59.079
someone to do you know, Yeah, the right funerals. Yes, right,

387
00:23:59.079 --> 00:24:02.000
so that's right. I forgot what it's called, but something

388
00:24:02.039 --> 00:24:06.279
like that, yeah, like funeral things, you know, Catholic funeral things. Yeah.

389
00:24:06.319 --> 00:24:09.000
And then a survivor ran on foot to talk to

390
00:24:09.119 --> 00:24:12.200
Harry Warren, a school teacher who taught many of the

391
00:24:12.240 --> 00:24:16.160
Portoveni children and who was married to Juliana Hakis, daughter

392
00:24:16.279 --> 00:24:21.319
of Divuziojakis, one of the murdered men. Oh wow. Harry

393
00:24:21.359 --> 00:24:25.000
Warren left for Portvined immediately upon hearing about the massacre,

394
00:24:25.279 --> 00:24:27.960
and he began to document the horrific event right away,

395
00:24:28.000 --> 00:24:30.799
with the help of eleven year old Juan Flores. Oh

396
00:24:30.839 --> 00:24:33.559
my god, eleven year old. He was from there too,

397
00:24:33.759 --> 00:24:39.160
so his dad, presumably Juan Flora is yes, another survivor

398
00:24:39.200 --> 00:24:44.519
and son of the massacre Longqino Flores. He identified his

399
00:24:44.559 --> 00:24:49.279
father and all the victims for Harry Warren's records. Wow. Also,

400
00:24:49.519 --> 00:24:52.039
sorry to cut you off and bring things to today

401
00:24:52.119 --> 00:24:54.440
at this day and age, but I know, like a

402
00:24:54.440 --> 00:24:58.440
lot of people are like like saying like at anyway, ok,

403
00:24:58.720 --> 00:25:00.960
before I got like log right, like this is why

404
00:25:00.960 --> 00:25:03.359
it's bordant to document. And in the same age we

405
00:25:03.480 --> 00:25:06.279
document with their phones and by posting it and sharing

406
00:25:06.279 --> 00:25:10.200
it online. Yeah, the kid den. I think that they're

407
00:25:10.200 --> 00:25:16.359
doing this shit when it's on record, right, like the Palestinians. Yeah,

408
00:25:16.400 --> 00:25:20.279
so Harry wrote, quote. The women and children then ran

409
00:25:20.319 --> 00:25:22.400
to the Mexican side of the river, to a desert

410
00:25:22.480 --> 00:25:25.119
country where there wasn't a house or a sign of habitation.

411
00:25:26.119 --> 00:25:29.079
Without a canopy to shield them from the pitiless winds

412
00:25:29.119 --> 00:25:31.880
of January, and without a change of clothing, and without

413
00:25:31.920 --> 00:25:35.400
remortals to eat. There they stayed, and the quiet little

414
00:25:35.480 --> 00:25:38.799
village of Portvened, with its peaceful farms and happy hopes,

415
00:25:38.880 --> 00:25:41.920
was no more. The rangers and the four cow men

416
00:25:42.039 --> 00:25:47.839
made forty two orphans that night. End quote. Wow. Yeah.

417
00:25:47.880 --> 00:25:50.920
After burying their loved ones in one shallow mass grave,

418
00:25:51.559 --> 00:25:57.160
the women, children and elderly fled Portvenide to Mexico, and

419
00:25:57.200 --> 00:25:59.880
then the army burned what remained of their former homes.

420
00:26:00.039 --> 00:26:02.559
I don't know why. Oh, the army burned it down.

421
00:26:03.119 --> 00:26:05.319
I thought it was the Texas Rangers this whole time,

422
00:26:06.160 --> 00:26:08.519
because I have read a little bit about the Portavinid

423
00:26:08.559 --> 00:26:11.359
messacre over the years, and I thought this whole time

424
00:26:11.359 --> 00:26:14.359
that the Texas Rangers burned it down. But I read

425
00:26:14.559 --> 00:26:16.319
in a couple of different sources that it was the

426
00:26:16.440 --> 00:26:20.680
army who burned it down. Interesting, I wonder why, and

427
00:26:20.759 --> 00:26:24.720
I don't know how long after either, because apparently, once

428
00:26:24.799 --> 00:26:29.920
these survivors were in Mexico, they wrote to the Mexican

429
00:26:29.920 --> 00:26:32.799
government for help, and the Mexican government did return to

430
00:26:32.920 --> 00:26:34.799
gather some of their things from their homes, and they

431
00:26:34.799 --> 00:26:37.720
were still there. So that's why. I don't know when

432
00:26:37.839 --> 00:26:41.240
the army burned it down either. But to this day

433
00:26:41.279 --> 00:26:44.000
there's nothing there except and the grave is not even

434
00:26:44.039 --> 00:26:46.680
in Portovini. The mass grave is in Mexico because they

435
00:26:47.279 --> 00:26:51.839
took the few pieces that they could and bury them

436
00:26:51.839 --> 00:26:56.400
in Mexico. That's how close this is too, Like it's insane,

437
00:26:56.440 --> 00:27:00.920
like it's literally like so close. And so. In their report,

438
00:27:01.000 --> 00:27:04.440
the rangers stated that while they scouted the region of Porvenid,

439
00:27:04.720 --> 00:27:08.720
they came across some Mexicans. They gathered these Mexicans for questioning,

440
00:27:08.759 --> 00:27:11.480
when suddenly they came under fire by a second group

441
00:27:11.599 --> 00:27:15.200
of unknown Mexicans. This firefight was in the dark and

442
00:27:15.240 --> 00:27:19.440
they could not see, but they only fired to defend themselves.

443
00:27:19.759 --> 00:27:23.240
When they returned in the morning, they found fifteen dead Mexicans.

444
00:27:24.039 --> 00:27:26.400
He also added that when they inspected the homes of

445
00:27:26.440 --> 00:27:29.839
these dead Mexicans, they found items from the Bright Ranch raid.

446
00:27:30.440 --> 00:27:32.480
These items were never like named. He was just like,

447
00:27:32.519 --> 00:27:35.039
we found things. That means it was them making shit

448
00:27:35.160 --> 00:27:39.119
up and if they could, they would plant shit. They

449
00:27:39.160 --> 00:27:44.039
probably did. Is this not reminiscent of like Israel going

450
00:27:44.079 --> 00:27:48.200
into Gaza and then like putting things to make them

451
00:27:48.240 --> 00:27:53.400
seem like they were hamas? Yeah, in a hospital or

452
00:27:53.519 --> 00:27:56.720
police literally putting you know, a piece of a fire

453
00:27:57.119 --> 00:28:00.400
or gun, sorry, a gun and on the floor, like

454
00:28:00.079 --> 00:28:04.079
are like sending in undercover cops to agitate protests and

455
00:28:04.119 --> 00:28:07.880
then try to say they're non violent, I mean are violent? Yeah,

456
00:28:08.200 --> 00:28:12.559
they are not non violent? Yes, So that's what he wrote,

457
00:28:12.559 --> 00:28:14.920
and he entered his report by wishing the General a

458
00:28:14.960 --> 00:28:19.119
happy New Year. Fucking bitch. If this had been the

459
00:28:19.119 --> 00:28:25.400
only documentation, we would never know the truth. But the survivors,

460
00:28:25.680 --> 00:28:30.039
Harry Warren, Private Keel, even Captain Anderson all kept meticulous

461
00:28:30.039 --> 00:28:37.039
documentation of the events. Documentation is key, yes, record when

462
00:28:37.240 --> 00:28:39.799
if you have like, if you don't know what you

463
00:28:40.000 --> 00:28:43.200
sorry to bring this into times of now, but if

464
00:28:43.240 --> 00:28:45.119
you don't know what else you can do right now?

465
00:28:45.319 --> 00:28:48.079
And the mass raids that are happening, get your phone

466
00:28:48.079 --> 00:28:51.759
on record, like or if you're not there, you can

467
00:28:51.839 --> 00:28:55.319
also make videos about what is happening. I know that's

468
00:28:55.359 --> 00:28:58.400
one thing that man, I think it's a podcast. No,

469
00:28:58.920 --> 00:29:00.839
I think I just saw it all over TikTok, because

470
00:29:00.880 --> 00:29:03.440
you know, everyone compares what's going on now to nineteen

471
00:29:03.480 --> 00:29:07.359
thirties Germany. They're saying, like and Frank in her diary,

472
00:29:07.559 --> 00:29:10.680
Like what would we know about in Frank's story. People

473
00:29:10.720 --> 00:29:13.400
hadn't found her diary. And so like a lot of

474
00:29:13.440 --> 00:29:18.279
people that studied that time, that time in history or

475
00:29:18.319 --> 00:29:21.720
study fascism, I saw a lot of posts saying, like, oh,

476
00:29:21.880 --> 00:29:24.920
document document, even if you're not making videos, document in

477
00:29:24.960 --> 00:29:29.079
your journal, like document what's going on, because even that,

478
00:29:29.319 --> 00:29:32.880
just telling the truth during this time is one way

479
00:29:32.880 --> 00:29:36.799
to fight it exactly. And that's what these four did.

480
00:29:36.839 --> 00:29:39.880
They documented everything they saw and that's why we have

481
00:29:39.960 --> 00:29:50.799
real accounts of what happened. So while Harry Warren and

482
00:29:50.839 --> 00:29:55.079
the survivors now in Mexico attempted to demand justice, Texans

483
00:29:55.160 --> 00:29:58.480
celebrated the big company of the Texas Rangers and Captain

484
00:29:58.559 --> 00:30:03.039
Fox ridiculous. They love them for upholding justice. And I

485
00:30:03.079 --> 00:30:08.000
say that in quotations upholding racism and violence and murder

486
00:30:08.480 --> 00:30:13.160
killing Mexicans. Yep. And like I said, luckily, the survivors

487
00:30:13.200 --> 00:30:16.519
all kept testimonies about what they witnessed. Juanman this he

488
00:30:16.680 --> 00:30:20.880
wrote his official testimony for General Murhia, and Muria telegrams

489
00:30:20.880 --> 00:30:24.599
Colonel Langhorn asking for an official investigation into this matter.

490
00:30:25.079 --> 00:30:29.200
And by then Langhorn had also received Captain Anderson's testimony,

491
00:30:29.480 --> 00:30:34.559
which corroborated what General Murhia said he was told by Juan,

492
00:30:34.799 --> 00:30:39.279
a survivor. General Murhia spoke to all the survivors. They

493
00:30:39.319 --> 00:30:44.200
documented everything. They went down from El Comelor, Mexico to

494
00:30:44.359 --> 00:30:50.759
examine the sites of the massacre themselves. Then they had reports,

495
00:30:51.240 --> 00:30:53.519
and in these reports they showed that the men and

496
00:30:53.599 --> 00:30:56.440
boys had suffered a rain of bullets to their bodies

497
00:30:56.720 --> 00:30:58.680
and on top of that each taking a bullet in

498
00:30:58.720 --> 00:31:01.720
the head, and they're all had stabbings stab marks in

499
00:31:01.759 --> 00:31:06.039
them as well. Wow, And they documented all this. This

500
00:31:06.079 --> 00:31:08.599
is when they also brought back whatever was whatever they

501
00:31:08.640 --> 00:31:12.119
could for the families of their belongings. So I know

502
00:31:12.200 --> 00:31:15.200
at this point that was still there the houses. I

503
00:31:15.279 --> 00:31:17.240
just don't know when the army went back and burned

504
00:31:17.279 --> 00:31:21.519
it like that's what I can't find Their testimonies, along

505
00:31:21.519 --> 00:31:25.359
with Harry Warren, revealed that one of the four ranchers

506
00:31:25.400 --> 00:31:29.279
that were there with the rangers during the massacre had motives.

507
00:31:29.559 --> 00:31:31.920
Of course he did, because why was he even there?

508
00:31:32.119 --> 00:31:35.039
First of all? Now for real, for real, So Tom

509
00:31:35.079 --> 00:31:38.920
Snyder had stolen horses from the farmers at Bovenide and

510
00:31:39.000 --> 00:31:42.279
sold them in a different town, and fearing persecution for

511
00:31:42.519 --> 00:31:46.440
his banditry, he went to tell the rangers about BORVNID

512
00:31:46.559 --> 00:31:51.519
hiding bandit Chico Cano. And it was the real person

513
00:31:51.839 --> 00:31:57.039
committing actual theory, this fucking bitch. Yes, And like always,

514
00:31:57.079 --> 00:32:01.200
they used racism to hide their crime. He used his

515
00:32:01.319 --> 00:32:06.279
whiteness to protect himself and blame it on the Mexicans. Yep.

516
00:32:07.799 --> 00:32:10.440
And so the US did investigate. They talked to each

517
00:32:10.480 --> 00:32:13.680
witness of the massacre, as well as Captain Aderson and

518
00:32:13.759 --> 00:32:17.640
other members of the eighth Cavalry Regiment. It all matched

519
00:32:17.759 --> 00:32:20.680
the evidence of the Mexican government had a already provided,

520
00:32:20.720 --> 00:32:22.720
but they had to go get it for themselves. Apparently,

521
00:32:23.680 --> 00:32:26.640
then they dismissed most of these testimonies. If someone couldn't

522
00:32:26.640 --> 00:32:29.200
read or write, they're like we're not accepting testimonies from

523
00:32:29.200 --> 00:32:34.680
an illiterate person. Always always dismissing oral testimony, oral histories,

524
00:32:34.799 --> 00:32:39.880
like always, Yeah, Captain Harry Ederson describes what happened at Porvinid.

525
00:32:39.960 --> 00:32:44.599
Asked quote as sorry as the midnight massacre, and he

526
00:32:44.680 --> 00:32:47.200
said that the rangers quote took out the owner of

527
00:32:47.240 --> 00:32:50.680
the ranch and fourteen others, all farmers and small stock owners,

528
00:32:50.720 --> 00:32:52.839
and shot them to death. There was not a single

529
00:32:52.839 --> 00:32:55.319
bandit in the fifteen men slain. Two of them were

530
00:32:55.440 --> 00:32:59.440
boys end quote. So he wasn't lying about what happened

531
00:32:59.480 --> 00:33:03.119
at all. He's like, no, despite what the rangers had

532
00:33:03.200 --> 00:33:05.519
just done at Burvinid, they were unfazed and they went

533
00:33:05.559 --> 00:33:08.279
about their normal business, just like a few days after

534
00:33:08.359 --> 00:33:12.519
they did the Borvadian massacre. They killed another Mexican man

535
00:33:12.519 --> 00:33:15.559
in Guadalupetrrees because he was near the gates of the

536
00:33:15.559 --> 00:33:18.720
Bright Ranch and they thought he had some he had

537
00:33:18.759 --> 00:33:21.480
done something like stolen something. And then they said that

538
00:33:21.599 --> 00:33:25.759
he was killed while attempting to escape, which is probably

539
00:33:25.759 --> 00:33:29.039
not true, probably not just we talked about Lala de Fuga.

540
00:33:29.839 --> 00:33:34.559
So yeah, after hearing about Wales, Captain Allison was like,

541
00:33:34.599 --> 00:33:37.119
oh my fucking god, that's not what he really said

542
00:33:37.119 --> 00:33:40.039
about that's how we felt. Basically, he wrote to the

543
00:33:40.079 --> 00:33:43.599
Texas Governor and I quote, the object of this appeal

544
00:33:43.720 --> 00:33:46.559
is to call to your attention this unprovoked and wholesale

545
00:33:46.680 --> 00:33:50.640
murder by Texas rangers in conjunction with ranchmen, rangers who,

546
00:33:50.680 --> 00:33:53.680
instead of maintaining peace, are committing murder by the wholesale,

547
00:33:54.000 --> 00:33:57.319
and to request your excellency to have these rangers removed

548
00:33:57.359 --> 00:34:01.160
at once. No matter what whitewash reports may have been

549
00:34:01.160 --> 00:34:05.519
made to you or the adjunctant General, the facts herein

550
00:34:05.640 --> 00:34:10.079
are true and can be proven and quote. And several

551
00:34:10.119 --> 00:34:13.519
members of the same his regiment also wrote out the

552
00:34:13.760 --> 00:34:17.559
testimonies to send to the governor. They were it's like,

553
00:34:18.360 --> 00:34:20.639
you know, people in law don't want to be like, well,

554
00:34:20.679 --> 00:34:23.440
we're not all like that, even though they're all holding

555
00:34:23.480 --> 00:34:26.639
the same system of white supremacy a lot of people,

556
00:34:26.800 --> 00:34:29.639
and it's true, like not all of them are like this, right,

557
00:34:29.679 --> 00:34:33.000
And so these soldiers were like, no, like these rangers

558
00:34:33.039 --> 00:34:37.280
need to be stopped. Yeah. So yeah, they sent their

559
00:34:37.440 --> 00:34:42.000
testimonies to the governor. Good and I mean that's the

560
00:34:42.079 --> 00:34:44.519
right thing to do, and good job for them doing

561
00:34:44.559 --> 00:34:47.840
the right thing in this Yeah, because other rangers that

562
00:34:47.920 --> 00:34:50.840
were in Company B lied about their testimony along with

563
00:34:50.880 --> 00:34:53.199
the captain. They're like, oh, yeah, no, that's exactly how

564
00:34:53.199 --> 00:34:55.760
what happened. Whatever the captain said, and that was wrong.

565
00:34:57.880 --> 00:35:00.800
And because of the ongoing heat from the public from Mexico,

566
00:35:01.559 --> 00:35:04.880
the governor did disband Company B. Of the Texas Rangers,

567
00:35:05.119 --> 00:35:07.599
five of them were fired and eight were transferred to

568
00:35:07.639 --> 00:35:12.280
Company D, and Captain Fox was forced to resign. I

569
00:35:12.280 --> 00:35:17.000
don't know that that's a real punishment, because yeah, there

570
00:35:17.079 --> 00:35:19.480
was never Okay, the ranchers. Nothing happened to them, the

571
00:35:19.480 --> 00:35:22.920
four ranchers, which is ridiculous because they shouldn't have been

572
00:35:23.000 --> 00:35:25.800
in the first place. Obviously that Texas Rangers shouldn't have

573
00:35:25.920 --> 00:35:31.000
been there either, Yeah, but much less. But the ranchers,

574
00:35:31.039 --> 00:35:37.000
the ranchers. Yeah and yeah, none of these men any

575
00:35:37.239 --> 00:35:40.559
received any formal charges, any indictments for what they did

576
00:35:40.639 --> 00:35:43.119
at what we need and the government insists there that

577
00:35:43.159 --> 00:35:48.159
firing them was enough. However, the five that were fired

578
00:35:48.400 --> 00:35:53.239
rejoined some other form of law enforcement to go and

579
00:35:53.320 --> 00:35:56.679
enact their racism and violence elsewhere. Yeah, as well as

580
00:35:56.760 --> 00:35:59.440
Captain Fox eventually he did. It wasn't the rangers again,

581
00:35:59.480 --> 00:36:01.639
but he did in some other form of law enforcement.

582
00:36:02.960 --> 00:36:07.360
So yeah, that's not real justice. And in the meantime,

583
00:36:08.000 --> 00:36:11.239
those who were calling for justice, like Harry Warren, son

584
00:36:11.519 --> 00:36:15.000
in law of the Wutzio Hakkis who was murdered during

585
00:36:15.039 --> 00:36:19.280
the massacre, Harry Warren was blackballed from working in Texas

586
00:36:19.400 --> 00:36:21.719
and he was you know, those teachers that that's their

587
00:36:21.800 --> 00:36:24.400
calling and that's what they were meant to do, and

588
00:36:24.440 --> 00:36:27.280
they have respect for their students and they love their

589
00:36:27.320 --> 00:36:31.840
students no matter what background they're from. That was Harry Warren,

590
00:36:33.000 --> 00:36:37.119
and he was blackballed from working in Texas for standing

591
00:36:37.199 --> 00:36:40.480
up for the survivors. This is so ridiculous because he

592
00:36:40.599 --> 00:36:45.840
didn't they wrong. Yeah, Oh my god, rangers and ranchers,

593
00:36:45.920 --> 00:36:50.039
even US Army soldiers intimidated him and he was forced

594
00:36:50.039 --> 00:36:53.880
to flee the state. He was an educated man with

595
00:36:53.920 --> 00:36:57.800
a law degree who chose to teach, but because of

596
00:36:57.840 --> 00:37:00.320
the black balling that he faced, he could only work

597
00:37:00.400 --> 00:37:05.960
picking cotton in Arizona. My god. In his later later

598
00:37:06.079 --> 00:37:09.599
years he did return to Texas and teach again, which

599
00:37:09.599 --> 00:37:11.199
is what he was meant to do in his life,

600
00:37:11.920 --> 00:37:14.320
and he did this until he died in nineteen thirty one,

601
00:37:15.840 --> 00:37:18.800
and his giant collection of testimonies is now at the

602
00:37:18.800 --> 00:37:23.679
West Texas Historical Society. And this archive of his of

603
00:37:24.360 --> 00:37:28.880
testimonies and witnesses of Borveni included over nine thousand leaves

604
00:37:28.880 --> 00:37:33.400
of documents. Wow, that's a lot. Yeah, and it's now there.

605
00:37:34.199 --> 00:37:38.119
I must go there, I know I wanted to. And

606
00:37:38.159 --> 00:37:41.400
then Private Robert Kiel, who I've been mentioning in a

607
00:37:41.400 --> 00:37:44.039
bunch throughout this. The reason I have those quotes is

608
00:37:44.039 --> 00:37:47.280
because he has a memoir His mom is called Bonito

609
00:37:47.559 --> 00:37:53.440
something my times in Texas. Why can't I sorry, Why

610
00:37:53.519 --> 00:37:55.960
does that old man me think of? Do you feel Bonita?

611
00:37:56.119 --> 00:37:59.679
I feel Bonita? So Private Robert Kiel on his and

612
00:37:59.719 --> 00:38:03.079
then his daughter after him, Linda Davis, also worked their

613
00:38:03.239 --> 00:38:06.559
entire lives to keep this story and the history true.

614
00:38:06.840 --> 00:38:09.760
Oh that's amazing, and I love that. This is the

615
00:38:09.800 --> 00:38:11.679
part that made me cry. Well, this is one of

616
00:38:11.719 --> 00:38:13.840
the many parts that made me cry. Hold on, let

617
00:38:13.880 --> 00:38:18.519
me prepare myself to cry also, yes, okay, So Robert

618
00:38:18.599 --> 00:38:22.920
Keel dedicated countless hours into preserving his account of the

619
00:38:22.960 --> 00:38:26.599
massacre and defending the victims. He called out historians like

620
00:38:26.679 --> 00:38:30.840
Walter Prescott Prescott Webb, who depicted the Rangers as heroes.

621
00:38:30.920 --> 00:38:35.239
He was like nah, bitch nah his entire life. He

622
00:38:35.320 --> 00:38:39.360
mourned those killed in the massacre. He insisted they were

623
00:38:39.400 --> 00:38:43.119
not bandits, and he condemned the Rangers his whole life.

624
00:38:43.159 --> 00:38:47.000
After the massacre, he typed out his memoir and tried

625
00:38:47.000 --> 00:38:50.079
to have it published, but it didn't happen during his lifetime.

626
00:38:50.840 --> 00:38:54.519
His daughter Linda, who watched her dad cry as he

627
00:38:54.639 --> 00:38:58.840
typed every night since she was six, made sure got published.

628
00:39:00.039 --> 00:39:04.840
Oh my god. He started the memoir when she was six,

629
00:39:04.880 --> 00:39:06.960
and he finished it twelve years later, and then he

630
00:39:07.000 --> 00:39:09.320
tried to get it published, and then he, you know,

631
00:39:09.320 --> 00:39:11.559
passed away, and she went to different people to get

632
00:39:11.599 --> 00:39:16.000
it published. He would cry, type and tell her, Linda,

633
00:39:16.079 --> 00:39:19.639
those poor people, and he would tell her all the time,

634
00:39:19.760 --> 00:39:23.400
they were like his family. They fed him, made him

635
00:39:23.400 --> 00:39:27.360
tamales tortillas, and he regretted that his relationship with the

636
00:39:27.400 --> 00:39:30.519
people of Borvand could not save them from the Rangers.

637
00:39:30.719 --> 00:39:36.199
Oh my god, I really shamble. I didn't think I

638
00:39:36.239 --> 00:39:39.880
was gonna cry because most of the time I'm dead inside.

639
00:39:40.159 --> 00:39:45.039
But yeah, I guess the reason it's making me so

640
00:39:45.159 --> 00:39:48.719
emotional because he saw my boy. Sorry, I'm so sorry,

641
00:39:50.280 --> 00:39:54.800
he saw he saw their humanity. He saw the humanity

642
00:39:54.840 --> 00:39:58.840
of Mexicans instead of dirty bandits or what today they

643
00:39:58.840 --> 00:40:03.920
would say illegal illegals, legal aliens. Yeah, and I think

644
00:40:03.960 --> 00:40:08.559
that's especially with what's been going on, not only you

645
00:40:08.599 --> 00:40:11.960
know now with the raids and what's going on in LA,

646
00:40:12.559 --> 00:40:16.880
but our whole lives with you know. Well, you know,

647
00:40:16.920 --> 00:40:21.119
we've talked about it a lot, we have, but I

648
00:40:21.119 --> 00:40:24.360
don't know, like I always I feel like I always

649
00:40:24.360 --> 00:40:27.400
want to try to see the best of people, you know,

650
00:40:27.480 --> 00:40:30.280
even though it's really hard, and even though we talk

651
00:40:30.320 --> 00:40:34.880
our shit, But I like I have been asking myself constantly,

652
00:40:35.280 --> 00:40:38.920
but even more not because I feel like hatred, racism,

653
00:40:38.960 --> 00:40:43.079
and xenophobia is even more blatant now, Like it's always

654
00:40:43.079 --> 00:40:45.960
been here, right, yeah, and those of us you know,

655
00:40:46.440 --> 00:40:48.519
who have lived it know that it's always been here,

656
00:40:48.559 --> 00:40:50.920
but it's more out in the open, more depraved now

657
00:40:51.079 --> 00:40:53.159
more Yeah, I don't know if we just see it

658
00:40:53.199 --> 00:40:56.559
more because the internet is here, so you see people's

659
00:40:56.559 --> 00:40:59.960
opinions that you wouldn't see. What it's like now normalized

660
00:41:00.119 --> 00:41:02.400
because of who's right the president, you know what I mean.

661
00:41:02.440 --> 00:41:05.800
They're emboldened to be out emboldened. And so then I

662
00:41:05.800 --> 00:41:08.239
always ask myself, like, what is it going to take

663
00:41:08.280 --> 00:41:13.079
for people to see our humanity? Yes, and I don't

664
00:41:13.119 --> 00:41:16.840
know this. This he was a private, this person in

665
00:41:16.880 --> 00:41:20.400
the army in a time when also racism and senophobia

666
00:41:21.320 --> 00:41:24.480
was so also so blatant. He saw the humanity of

667
00:41:24.559 --> 00:41:29.159
Mexicans and so did Harry Warren. And you know, these

668
00:41:29.159 --> 00:41:31.559
are people that they didn't have to, but they did.

669
00:41:32.639 --> 00:41:37.599
And then and then he taught his daughter, who felt

670
00:41:37.599 --> 00:41:40.760
it was so important to get his book published because

671
00:41:40.760 --> 00:41:45.280
she saw him every night trying to type. I just yeah,

672
00:41:45.320 --> 00:41:48.719
it's like it's like racism is taught. Yeah, I just

673
00:41:48.880 --> 00:41:52.519
like this can be taught, right, Disrespect for people can

674
00:41:52.559 --> 00:41:57.599
be passed down. Yeah. So during her work and getting

675
00:41:58.119 --> 00:42:03.480
her father's memoir published, Linda Davis met Benita and Evaristo Albarrado.

676
00:42:04.039 --> 00:42:08.480
Benita was the daughter of Juan Flores, who was eleven

677
00:42:08.599 --> 00:42:12.320
and survived the attack where his father, Longqino Flores, was killed,

678
00:42:13.360 --> 00:42:17.679
and at first they thought her the regiment was complicit

679
00:42:18.039 --> 00:42:23.920
with the Rangers, and when they read Linda Davis's father's book,

680
00:42:24.639 --> 00:42:27.920
they forgave her. They told her like, no, we know

681
00:42:28.000 --> 00:42:29.719
your dad wasn't part of it, and they like h

682
00:42:29.760 --> 00:42:35.719
did cry together. It was beautiful wow reading about it

683
00:42:35.760 --> 00:42:40.559
because I wasn't there. WHOA That's why reading is so boring.

684
00:42:45.000 --> 00:42:49.639
And just like Linda, Benita watched her father struggle his

685
00:42:49.760 --> 00:42:53.559
whole life from the events of that night, Juan Flores

686
00:42:53.559 --> 00:42:56.760
would wake up in cold sweats and with nightmares that

687
00:42:56.800 --> 00:43:00.920
the Texas Rangers were coming to kill him, and he

688
00:43:01.000 --> 00:43:04.480
carried the burden of that night until he was very old.

689
00:43:04.639 --> 00:43:07.800
When he was almost on his deathbed, he gathered the family,

690
00:43:07.880 --> 00:43:10.760
the whole family, and said he needed to tell them

691
00:43:10.800 --> 00:43:12.920
what happened that night. And this is the first time

692
00:43:12.960 --> 00:43:15.679
they heard of the accounts. And there's actually a really

693
00:43:15.760 --> 00:43:20.639
good podcast episode by Borderland Crimes. The episode is titled

694
00:43:20.679 --> 00:43:24.440
a mass Murder and a Cover Up the Massacre at Provini, Texas.

695
00:43:25.679 --> 00:43:28.800
It was from January twenty eight, twenty twenty one, and

696
00:43:29.280 --> 00:43:32.159
so the little synopsis they have here and El Paso

697
00:43:32.239 --> 00:43:34.880
women learned a horrible secret about her family. Her great

698
00:43:34.920 --> 00:43:38.440
grandfather had been massacred along with fourteen other men and boys.

699
00:43:38.920 --> 00:43:41.440
When Adlena Valentia learned who was to blame for the

700
00:43:41.519 --> 00:43:43.920
terrible acts. She realized more needed to be done to

701
00:43:44.000 --> 00:43:47.480
expose the dark past village of the legendary law enforcement agency,

702
00:43:47.559 --> 00:43:52.719
the Texas Rangers. So Arlena Valencia, who is like a

703
00:43:52.760 --> 00:43:55.599
descendant of Juan Florda's, not like a direct granddaughter, but

704
00:43:55.719 --> 00:43:58.440
like a niece. Conflorida's was her uncle. I'm pretty sure,

705
00:43:59.239 --> 00:44:02.360
but she This is where she learned about it. He

706
00:44:03.079 --> 00:44:07.119
gathered the family and told them what had happened that night,

707
00:44:07.199 --> 00:44:09.639
and she couldn't believe it because she had been watching

708
00:44:09.679 --> 00:44:13.039
shows like the Texas Ranger Show with the Chuck Norris

709
00:44:13.480 --> 00:44:15.239
and she was like, but they're good guys, they could

710
00:44:15.280 --> 00:44:19.199
never do this, and they didn't know. And when she learned,

711
00:44:19.480 --> 00:44:22.159
she was like, no, everyone needs to know this. And

712
00:44:22.199 --> 00:44:26.320
she actually runs a website called Barende Maassacre dot org

713
00:44:26.440 --> 00:44:30.960
that has stories of the victims. All the history she

714
00:44:30.960 --> 00:44:33.360
could find of each family member is in that website.

715
00:44:33.400 --> 00:44:38.159
There's pictures, such a beautiful source there. But me, before

716
00:44:38.199 --> 00:44:39.840
I continue on about her, go back to where I

717
00:44:39.920 --> 00:44:42.960
was in my notes. So he gathered his family and

718
00:44:43.000 --> 00:44:45.440
told them what happened. He told them how he watched

719
00:44:45.519 --> 00:44:52.119
his own mother, Juanna Flores, suffered from flashbacks of that night.

720
00:44:52.559 --> 00:44:55.280
Juana Flores would wake up screaming that the rangers were

721
00:44:55.280 --> 00:44:57.719
coming to kill her family. She would knock on her

722
00:44:57.719 --> 00:45:00.639
neighbor's doors at midnight, telling them to run for their

723
00:45:00.679 --> 00:45:04.119
lives because the rangers were on their way. She kept

724
00:45:04.199 --> 00:45:06.800
hunting rifles in a log chest to protect the family,

725
00:45:07.840 --> 00:45:10.599
and one day she found it unlocked. The PDSC was

726
00:45:10.639 --> 00:45:13.920
too much from the massacre, and she died by suicide.

727
00:45:14.199 --> 00:45:18.119
Oh my god, this is a terrible because like the

728
00:45:18.159 --> 00:45:21.480
trauma lives on, and these stupid people got to live

729
00:45:21.519 --> 00:45:23.880
their lives and they pritn't give two shits about what

730
00:45:23.920 --> 00:45:26.280
they did because they again, they didn't see Mexicans the

731
00:45:26.400 --> 00:45:28.559
human beings, so to them it was the same thing

732
00:45:28.599 --> 00:45:32.000
as killing some fucking bug, you know. And they literally

733
00:45:32.079 --> 00:45:36.760
have quotes saying that, like I shared in that one

734
00:45:36.840 --> 00:45:40.679
episode where the guy grows. Yeah, a few episodes back, Oh,

735
00:45:40.920 --> 00:45:42.480
I thought you were talking about when we talked about

736
00:45:42.480 --> 00:45:46.079
the history of the Kukata taw the song. Oh oh,

737
00:45:46.159 --> 00:45:48.599
I mean that too, But no, that one guy who

738
00:45:48.639 --> 00:45:51.400
made the law the Foreign Minors tax. Yeah, who said

739
00:45:51.440 --> 00:45:53.920
I feel better at I feel more Okay, I stop

740
00:45:54.039 --> 00:45:57.599
like more guilty about killing a bug bug, yeah, than

741
00:45:57.639 --> 00:46:00.400
a Mexican, so yeah, of course they didn't care. Meanwhile,

742
00:46:00.480 --> 00:46:05.039
everyone else is living with trauma and generation the worst

743
00:46:05.039 --> 00:46:10.039
time of their yeah, yes, yeah, yeah yeah. And Juan Flores,

744
00:46:10.159 --> 00:46:15.079
who had witnessed the execution of his father then found

745
00:46:15.119 --> 00:46:18.719
his mom dead seventeen years later, Oh my god, how

746
00:46:18.760 --> 00:46:23.599
can one person go through so much? And he yeah,

747
00:46:23.639 --> 00:46:26.079
he would wake up from these nightmares and sweats, but

748
00:46:26.119 --> 00:46:28.639
he didn't want to tell anyone because he didn't want

749
00:46:28.679 --> 00:46:31.519
to make them feel bad or you know, like relive

750
00:46:31.599 --> 00:46:33.320
that day and on his death. But it is when

751
00:46:33.320 --> 00:46:37.239
he finally told his family about his mom and about

752
00:46:37.280 --> 00:46:43.360
that night, like and this is one family. There was fifteen, yeah,

753
00:46:43.800 --> 00:46:49.760
fathers and brothers, and what did they say? I forgot

754
00:46:49.800 --> 00:46:52.800
how many orphans I said earlier forty two? I think yes,

755
00:46:53.039 --> 00:47:00.199
and all those people pass on this generational trauma. It's it's, oh,

756
00:47:00.199 --> 00:47:06.639
it's too much. When Benita talked about Borvenid when she

757
00:47:06.760 --> 00:47:09.599
was still alive, she would count Juana Flores as another

758
00:47:09.679 --> 00:47:14.360
victim of the massacre because that's what killed her, the PTSD.

759
00:47:14.679 --> 00:47:18.960
And yeah, she's right for that, I would agree. Also, Valencia,

760
00:47:20.039 --> 00:47:22.480
she does the same when she retells this and like

761
00:47:22.519 --> 00:47:25.039
I was saying, she runs the website bid massacre dot

762
00:47:25.079 --> 00:47:27.480
com where you can find you know, a collection of

763
00:47:27.519 --> 00:47:33.239
the victims, their life stories, their families so much. And

764
00:47:33.320 --> 00:47:40.199
the victims of Borvenid were Lonquino Flores, Romaan, Nievez, Pedro Errera,

765
00:47:40.480 --> 00:47:45.000
Severiano Errera, Vivian Errera. They were brothers, three of them

766
00:47:45.719 --> 00:47:50.719
Alberto Garcia, Juan Jimenez, set Up Jo Jimenez, Pedro Jimenez,

767
00:47:51.119 --> 00:47:57.440
two brothers and a father, Divurciojkies, Marcellonio Ertas, Altimo Gonzalez,

768
00:47:57.559 --> 00:48:03.280
Ambrosio Ernandez, Manuel Mare and Antonio Castagneeda who had just

769
00:48:03.400 --> 00:48:07.599
arrived that put many three weeks before the massacre, who

770
00:48:07.639 --> 00:48:10.920
was also the oldest, he was seventy four. And the

771
00:48:10.960 --> 00:48:16.000
Mexican government first tried to file separate claims for each family,

772
00:48:16.559 --> 00:48:19.000
and then they tried to file on joint, one big

773
00:48:19.079 --> 00:48:22.440
joint case to try and get justice for these families.

774
00:48:22.760 --> 00:48:26.079
But after delay and delay and delay from the US,

775
00:48:26.280 --> 00:48:34.519
both of these claims went nowhere. But one senator would

776
00:48:34.519 --> 00:48:38.920
not let this go. His name was Jose Tomas Canales.

777
00:48:40.440 --> 00:48:43.639
For years he had been collecting testimonies against the Texas

778
00:48:43.800 --> 00:48:48.960
Ranger and Portovinide was his last straw. Jose Canales was

779
00:48:49.000 --> 00:48:52.039
born in Wess County on March seventh, eighteen seventy seven.

780
00:48:52.400 --> 00:48:55.239
He went to Business college in Austin, Texas. Then he

781
00:48:55.280 --> 00:48:58.079
went to study law at the University of Michigan. That's

782
00:48:58.119 --> 00:49:00.760
where he got his law degree in eighteen ninety nine.

783
00:49:01.119 --> 00:49:03.840
He then returned to Texas, passed the bar, worked in

784
00:49:03.880 --> 00:49:08.360
Corpus Christi, then Laredo, and then he eventually settled in Brownsville, Texas.

785
00:49:08.719 --> 00:49:11.320
He was elected and served with five terms in the

786
00:49:11.360 --> 00:49:14.239
Texas House of Representatives from nineteen oh five to nineteen

787
00:49:14.239 --> 00:49:17.559
eleven and then nineteen seventeen to nineteen twenty one, and

788
00:49:17.760 --> 00:49:21.360
at those years he was the only Latino representative wow

789
00:49:21.800 --> 00:49:26.000
in the entire state. He had been an outspoken critic

790
00:49:26.039 --> 00:49:29.360
of the Texas Rangers for a long time and once

791
00:49:29.400 --> 00:49:31.880
he heard about Borovini, He's like, nope, this is too much.

792
00:49:32.039 --> 00:49:35.719
He brought nineteen charges of misconduct against them in nineteen eighteen,

793
00:49:36.519 --> 00:49:41.320
and these nineteen charges led to an official investigation to

794
00:49:41.360 --> 00:49:45.079
look into the actions of the Texas Rangers. These hearings

795
00:49:45.599 --> 00:49:48.599
informally known as the Canales Hearings. They have a very

796
00:49:48.639 --> 00:49:50.880
longer name that I don't care about because I honestly like,

797
00:49:50.920 --> 00:49:54.400
how Canalis hearings sound like that too? Yeah. They were

798
00:49:54.400 --> 00:49:57.440
set to begin in January of nineteen nineteen, but before

799
00:49:57.480 --> 00:50:01.280
the hearings began, Jossee Canales received a threat received threats

800
00:50:01.320 --> 00:50:06.280
by rape by the Rangers, specifically Ranger Frank Hamer, telling

801
00:50:06.360 --> 00:50:09.400
them to stop collecting cases of ranger abuse, and Josse

802
00:50:09.599 --> 00:50:13.480
reported this to Governor William P. Hobby, who forced Hamer

803
00:50:13.480 --> 00:50:15.800
to apologize. But that was it. He didn't receive he

804
00:50:15.880 --> 00:50:21.480
wasn't fired nothing. So Frank Hamer continued to stop Jose Canalis.

805
00:50:21.800 --> 00:50:23.920
If I found out that he killed him. By the

806
00:50:24.000 --> 00:50:29.159
end of this, I'm gonna be so fucking pissed. No, okay, yeah,

807
00:50:29.280 --> 00:50:33.920
because Seramo No. Yeah, Jose had to be scored it

808
00:50:33.960 --> 00:50:38.320
into the hearings for protection. Lindley B. Johnson's father escorted

809
00:50:38.360 --> 00:50:44.039
Jose Canals into the hearings. Eighty three witnesses testified over

810
00:50:44.079 --> 00:50:47.960
a two week period. These witnesses were mostly Mexican American

811
00:50:48.360 --> 00:50:53.880
black or Mexican immigrants, who all shared abuses from the Rangers.

812
00:50:54.840 --> 00:50:58.400
Incidents that were brought up included the Bordernade massacre, and

813
00:50:58.440 --> 00:51:02.639
the investigation concluded that between three hundred to five thousand,

814
00:51:02.800 --> 00:51:07.599
mostly Mexican ethnic Vexicans, were killed by the Rangers. That's

815
00:51:07.639 --> 00:51:09.840
where that number comes from. Wow, because I know a

816
00:51:09.880 --> 00:51:12.119
lot of time people ask like, well, where does this

817
00:51:12.199 --> 00:51:15.000
number come from? And the number again could never be

818
00:51:15.119 --> 00:51:20.920
confirmed because the Texas Rangers routinely disappeared people, so that's

819
00:51:20.960 --> 00:51:23.679
why it can't be confirmed. But when someone didn't return

820
00:51:23.679 --> 00:51:25.719
and they were lasting with the Rangers, they were counted.

821
00:51:25.800 --> 00:51:29.599
So that's where the five thousand comes from. There were

822
00:51:29.639 --> 00:51:33.320
no punishments from these hearings other than the already the

823
00:51:33.480 --> 00:51:37.119
already punished firing them like the already that they were

824
00:51:37.159 --> 00:51:39.760
fired that consequence, that's the only thing that ever happened

825
00:51:39.760 --> 00:51:42.400
to them. There was nothing else that came from these

826
00:51:42.440 --> 00:51:46.440
hearings other than canalists introducing a bill that called for

827
00:51:46.639 --> 00:51:50.599
changing the hiring practices of the Rangers and then restricting

828
00:51:51.199 --> 00:51:55.079
adding restrictions that would reduce vigilante action, and then providing

829
00:51:55.159 --> 00:51:58.480
an official an official channel for citizen complaints. But this

830
00:51:58.519 --> 00:52:06.239
bill never passed, though the Rangers did change how they hired. Okay,

831
00:52:06.360 --> 00:52:08.840
I guess I at least they did that. Yeah, they

832
00:52:08.880 --> 00:52:14.599
could no longer hire criminals people are convicted of murder. Wow.

833
00:52:15.800 --> 00:52:19.039
Another there was. There's another story of a Ranger being

834
00:52:19.320 --> 00:52:23.000
given his ranger badge after he let go someone he

835
00:52:23.119 --> 00:52:27.360
was protecting from a Lynchin. Of course, that doesn't surprise

836
00:52:27.440 --> 00:52:29.440
me at all. Yeah, those kind of things were not

837
00:52:29.519 --> 00:52:32.320
okay anymore, and they got more strict about like how

838
00:52:32.400 --> 00:52:36.519
many people were in the Texas Rangers. Their numbers decreased,

839
00:52:36.679 --> 00:52:42.239
like that band was never the company, b was never reformed. Yeah,

840
00:52:42.280 --> 00:52:45.519
that's all that happened. Really. Jesus Canalis did not run

841
00:52:45.559 --> 00:52:48.320
for office again, as he received threat after threat after threat,

842
00:52:48.519 --> 00:52:51.760
and he would later say that the investigation nearly cost

843
00:52:51.840 --> 00:52:54.039
him his life. He thought he was going to die.

844
00:52:55.000 --> 00:52:58.639
I believe it. Yeah, I did want to add though.

845
00:52:59.159 --> 00:53:01.880
Although he didn't run again, he would go on to

846
00:53:01.960 --> 00:53:05.159
write the constitution for LULAC and LULAC is the League

847
00:53:05.159 --> 00:53:09.239
of United Latin American Citizens still an organization that doesn't

848
00:53:09.199 --> 00:53:13.559
important work. Wow. Yeah. And as far as Portvani, the Rangers,

849
00:53:13.679 --> 00:53:16.119
the Texas Rangers, the State of Texas have yet to

850
00:53:16.159 --> 00:53:20.440
apologize or take accountability for the massacre. Again, it's on

851
00:53:20.599 --> 00:53:24.159
their curriculum. They literally just added five sentences to that website,

852
00:53:24.280 --> 00:53:27.440
the Texas Rangers official website. You want to read You

853
00:53:27.440 --> 00:53:30.519
want me to read those five sentences? Yeah, all right?

854
00:53:30.519 --> 00:53:33.800
Here it is the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame Historic timeline.

855
00:53:34.320 --> 00:53:37.480
Now I'm scurolling. Okay, some of these entries have like

856
00:53:37.800 --> 00:53:42.440
three paragraphs. Okay, the paragraph or the entry for the

857
00:53:42.480 --> 00:53:46.559
Battle of the Alamo literally so long. But let me

858
00:53:46.960 --> 00:53:52.920
scroll to nineteen eighteen. Five sentences. In January of nineteen eighteen,

859
00:53:52.960 --> 00:53:57.119
Texas Ranger from Texas Rangers from Company B, soldiers from

860
00:53:57.159 --> 00:54:00.519
the eighth US Cavalry and ranchers search the settlement of

861
00:54:00.559 --> 00:54:03.719
borvened for evidence of property stolen from the Bright Ranch.

862
00:54:04.440 --> 00:54:07.440
Accounts are conflicting, but it is certain that fifteen residents

863
00:54:07.440 --> 00:54:10.079
were executed without due process on the premise of being

864
00:54:10.159 --> 00:54:13.800
quote bandits. The act is condemned on both sides of

865
00:54:13.840 --> 00:54:17.119
the border. Oh wow, that's eve. There's a typo. The

866
00:54:17.159 --> 00:54:20.559
act is condemned on both side of the border. The

867
00:54:20.639 --> 00:54:27.320
captain of Company B is fired and the Rangers are dismissed. Justifiably,

868
00:54:27.400 --> 00:54:30.199
Stronger action is not taken in the inflammatory climate of

869
00:54:30.239 --> 00:54:33.599
the planet. The San Diego The Simmerman Telegram and the

870
00:54:33.679 --> 00:54:37.519
VR raids in nineteen nineteen. Hearings and investigations lead to

871
00:54:37.599 --> 00:54:41.599
reforms of the Texas Rangers. A memorial to the massacre

872
00:54:41.639 --> 00:54:45.320
and those killed is erected in twenty eighteen outside Marfa.

873
00:54:47.480 --> 00:54:52.119
That's the five sentences on that. And it's still barely

874
00:54:52.199 --> 00:54:57.400
like like doesn't say outright, like the Rangers killed fifteen people.

875
00:54:57.440 --> 00:55:02.559
It's like passive, yeah, like always like they said something

876
00:55:02.559 --> 00:55:05.480
about like how accounts vary, but fifteen men did die,

877
00:55:05.760 --> 00:55:11.480
not the Rangers did kill fifteen men. It's biased, it's

878
00:55:11.559 --> 00:55:14.800
not telling really the truth, because the truth is that

879
00:55:16.079 --> 00:55:18.280
this company of Rangers, whatever the hell it's called Company

880
00:55:18.280 --> 00:55:25.039
B whatever killed unjustly killed fifteen men and bothe armed

881
00:55:25.480 --> 00:55:28.880
men and boys. Now like, oh they went there and

882
00:55:28.920 --> 00:55:31.559
then these boys died. Men and boys died. Like that's

883
00:55:31.599 --> 00:55:36.280
not accurate. It's just like how they tell they report

884
00:55:36.360 --> 00:55:38.599
news whenever they you know what I mean, like a

885
00:55:38.639 --> 00:55:44.000
police shooting, shots fired one civilian instead no the police,

886
00:55:44.079 --> 00:55:51.639
one civilians alien. Yeah. Yeah, some thing's never change, right,

887
00:55:51.920 --> 00:55:55.760
And you had mentioned that they don't teach this in Texas,

888
00:55:55.800 --> 00:55:57.199
and that made me think of I sent you this

889
00:55:57.239 --> 00:56:01.440
post earlier. Oh but I really like what it's said,

890
00:56:01.480 --> 00:56:05.199
and it specifically talked about Texans. Oh well, while you

891
00:56:05.239 --> 00:56:06.960
look for that, I'm going to read those last bit.

892
00:56:08.480 --> 00:56:12.679
In twenty eighteen, after years of advocating by Erlinda Valencia,

893
00:56:13.079 --> 00:56:16.480
descendant of Loqino Flores, and with the help of doctor

894
00:56:16.559 --> 00:56:21.079
Monica Mugnos Martinez, who is the author of my main source,

895
00:56:21.159 --> 00:56:24.159
The int Justice Never Leaves You, there is a plaque

896
00:56:24.239 --> 00:56:28.679
dedicated to the massacre in Marfa, Texas. And the plaque

897
00:56:29.480 --> 00:56:35.119
has more sentences, O my god, than the fucking website

898
00:56:35.119 --> 00:56:39.440
the Official Texas Ranger Museum in Winco, Waco. I think

899
00:56:39.480 --> 00:56:43.880
I said, wink, my bad bunch of Waco. I think

900
00:56:43.920 --> 00:56:45.880
that's what I was thinking. Let me read what the

901
00:56:45.880 --> 00:56:50.400
plaque says really quick, and I could. I couldn't include everything.

902
00:56:50.440 --> 00:56:52.480
There's still so much that's in the book that I

903
00:56:53.039 --> 00:56:55.320
simply just ran out of time to include. But I

904
00:56:55.400 --> 00:56:57.679
highly recommend if you're not going to read all the

905
00:56:57.719 --> 00:57:01.159
books I have listed in my sources, then definitely read this.

906
00:57:01.639 --> 00:57:04.960
The Injustice Never Leaves You. But that plaque, it says,

907
00:57:05.039 --> 00:57:09.320
and again, it's in Marfa, Texas. Nothing is in Portvenide anymore.

908
00:57:09.400 --> 00:57:11.840
It's a very dangerous area to be around these days

909
00:57:11.880 --> 00:57:13.760
as well. On top of the climate that it's in,

910
00:57:14.000 --> 00:57:19.039
there's heavily militarized. Oh I'm militarized anyway. The plaque reads

911
00:57:19.280 --> 00:57:23.360
Borvenied Massacre. Borvanid was a community in remote northwest Presido

912
00:57:23.440 --> 00:57:26.440
County on the Rio Grande, in the midst of military

913
00:57:26.440 --> 00:57:29.559
conflicts and raids across and along the international border and

914
00:57:29.639 --> 00:57:32.480
in the immediate area during the Mexican Revolution. The small

915
00:57:32.559 --> 00:57:34.960
farming and ranching settlement was the site of a notorious

916
00:57:34.960 --> 00:57:38.199
tragedy in nineteen eighteen. A group of Texas Rangers from

917
00:57:38.239 --> 00:57:41.639
Company B and Marfa, US Army, soldiers from Troop G

918
00:57:41.880 --> 00:57:45.440
of the eighth Cavalry, and local ranchers riots at Borvned

919
00:57:45.519 --> 00:57:48.559
in the early morning hours of January twenty eighth, nineteen eighteen.

920
00:57:49.000 --> 00:57:52.079
They came to the ranch of Manuel Morales and separated

921
00:57:52.119 --> 00:57:55.320
fifteen able bodied men and boys from the women, children,

922
00:57:55.400 --> 00:57:59.400
and other men. Though initial accounts denied any irangdoing, later

923
00:57:59.440 --> 00:58:02.440
testimony confirmed that these fifteen victims were shot and killed.

924
00:58:02.880 --> 00:58:05.840
Family members crossed the Rio Grande into Mexico to Berry

925
00:58:05.880 --> 00:58:12.519
Antonio Castagneda, Donquino Flores, Pedro Herrera Vivian Herrera, Severiano Herrera,

926
00:58:12.679 --> 00:58:19.039
Manuel Morales, Altemio Gonzalez and Rosso, Or Nandez, Alberto Garcia, Tiburziojakees, Roman,

927
00:58:19.119 --> 00:58:24.320
Nievez Sera, Pio Jimenez, Pedro Jimenez, Juan Jimenez, and Macedonio Ertas.

928
00:58:25.119 --> 00:58:27.760
In June nineteen eighteen, Governor William P. Hobby and the

929
00:58:27.880 --> 00:58:31.679
Ajant General James a hardly disbanded company b dismissed five

930
00:58:31.719 --> 00:58:34.480
rangers for their actions at Porvinid and forced Captain J. M.

931
00:58:34.559 --> 00:58:39.639
Fox's resignation. State Representative J. T. Canales filed charges with

932
00:58:39.800 --> 00:58:43.360
the Texas Legislature against the Texas Rangers for the oppression

933
00:58:43.440 --> 00:58:46.800
and the murder of hundreds of ethnic Mexicans along the

934
00:58:46.920 --> 00:58:51.239
Rio Grande. At an investigation beginning January thirty first, nineteen nineteen,

935
00:58:51.599 --> 00:58:55.760
legislators heard and received testimony regarding several incidents, including Borvenid.

936
00:58:56.079 --> 00:58:59.239
As a result, the Texas Rangers were reorganized and reduced

937
00:58:59.239 --> 00:59:02.239
in size. In the aftermath of the attack, approximately one

938
00:59:02.320 --> 00:59:06.039
hundred and forty remaining residents of Port Wenita abandoned the

939
00:59:06.079 --> 00:59:10.199
community and you can find out a marker in Marfa, Texas,

940
00:59:10.639 --> 00:59:14.159
and that's inaccurate telling of what happened, and that's exactly

941
00:59:14.320 --> 00:59:16.760
how yeah, it tells you. It doesn't have any passive

942
00:59:16.800 --> 00:59:19.559
comments like, oh, they went to this to inspect and

943
00:59:19.679 --> 00:59:24.880
somehow fifteen fifteen men died, like who knows how, but

944
00:59:25.000 --> 00:59:28.239
they died. But yeah, it's not mentioned in the history books.

945
00:59:28.400 --> 00:59:32.159
The website I mentioned, Portwneda massacred dot org run by

946
00:59:32.239 --> 00:59:36.920
a descendant of Vlonquino Flores. She runs this website, and

947
00:59:37.039 --> 00:59:40.039
in this website there's history plans for teachers who are

948
00:59:40.159 --> 00:59:45.000
willing to teach about this event, as well as she

949
00:59:45.159 --> 00:59:49.239
talks more in depth about Harry Warren about his Susca Nales.

950
00:59:49.760 --> 00:59:52.840
There's so much that website is, honestly like a wealth

951
00:59:52.880 --> 00:59:55.119
of information. I hope that it's backed up in the

952
00:59:55.199 --> 00:59:59.239
way back machine because who knows in this, you know,

953
00:59:59.639 --> 01:00:02.199
But yeah, she runs it. She advocates for this. She

954
01:00:02.519 --> 01:00:05.000
was in a documentary by PBS that I think is

955
01:00:05.119 --> 01:00:08.239
just titled Bovineed Massacre. It came out and I want

956
01:00:08.239 --> 01:00:11.400
to say twenty nineteen, and that episode that I just

957
01:00:11.679 --> 01:00:14.840
mentioned as well. But yeah, she's out here doing the work,

958
01:00:15.159 --> 01:00:18.119
and the least we can do is listen to this

959
01:00:18.280 --> 01:00:21.400
episode and share this episode with friends so that they

960
01:00:21.519 --> 01:00:25.920
too can be angry at this instance of injustice because

961
01:00:25.960 --> 01:00:29.360
to this day, how can I mean no, I think

962
01:00:29.400 --> 01:00:31.800
we've said enough about that ready, but like, how can

963
01:00:32.800 --> 01:00:35.360
And it's not like, Okay, some historians are calling for

964
01:00:35.679 --> 01:00:38.639
renaming things that are the Texas Rangers. I don't know

965
01:00:38.679 --> 01:00:40.960
if that's as necessary, but what is necessary is to

966
01:00:41.039 --> 01:00:44.599
say that Texas Rangers are not heroes. They have done

967
01:00:44.679 --> 01:00:46.880
bad things too. Or they can be heroes, but they

968
01:00:46.920 --> 01:00:49.119
can also be perpetators of violence, which they have been

969
01:00:49.159 --> 01:00:52.440
in the past. And that's the issue with like the

970
01:00:52.480 --> 01:00:57.320
way they're portrayed today, and then people like the descendant

971
01:00:57.559 --> 01:01:00.840
of a survivor the massacre, can even fathom that they

972
01:01:00.840 --> 01:01:03.880
would do this because they seem like amazing good guys

973
01:01:03.920 --> 01:01:11.800
who were only there to protect you and just really

974
01:01:11.880 --> 01:01:13.320
quick because they know you had to put the kids

975
01:01:13.360 --> 01:01:20.159
to them. Yeah, because you're a mama. I wanted to

976
01:01:20.800 --> 01:01:26.000
mention this post from j C. Fiance and to me,

977
01:01:26.079 --> 01:01:29.239
it just shows the importance of not all Latinos, I

978
01:01:29.280 --> 01:01:36.119
mean all Latinos, but especially Texan Mexicans because a lot

979
01:01:36.199 --> 01:01:38.320
of them, you know, just like there's a lot of

980
01:01:39.159 --> 01:01:42.599
Mexicans in California who have been here for generations. But

981
01:01:42.760 --> 01:01:50.039
they're not as crazy as the sum not obviously, not all. Yeah,

982
01:01:50.920 --> 01:01:55.800
Texan Mexicans who forgot their history, and they think that

983
01:01:56.079 --> 01:02:00.519
by aligning themselves with whiteness and with whites premacy, that

984
01:02:00.599 --> 01:02:07.079
they'll be safe. And if this time, if this massacre,

985
01:02:07.320 --> 01:02:11.239
you know, this killing of fifteen Mexicans, you know, doesn't

986
01:02:11.239 --> 01:02:13.280
show you that. I no, you're not safe, because it's

987
01:02:13.360 --> 01:02:16.400
not about how long you've been here. It's not about

988
01:02:16.400 --> 01:02:21.639
if your family was here before Texas was United States territory,

989
01:02:21.679 --> 01:02:23.440
you know what I mean. It's about the way you look.

990
01:02:23.639 --> 01:02:25.920
That's what it boils down to. So it doesn't matter

991
01:02:25.960 --> 01:02:28.480
if you don't speak Spanish, it doesn't matter. If you

992
01:02:28.519 --> 01:02:32.960
don't align yourself with the immigrant struggle. It doesn't matter

993
01:02:33.320 --> 01:02:37.280
if you think your parents or grandparents at the right way.

994
01:02:37.400 --> 01:02:40.199
At the end of the day, it doesn't matter. And

995
01:02:40.599 --> 01:02:44.639
we don't share these things to demonize white people or hey,

996
01:02:44.719 --> 01:02:48.000
look they've done this. It's like, how can you reckon

997
01:02:48.079 --> 01:02:50.079
with the past. How can you move on with a

998
01:02:50.159 --> 01:02:53.880
better future, a future that is right for everyone, not

999
01:02:54.079 --> 01:02:56.039
just one group of people. How can you do that?

1000
01:02:56.119 --> 01:02:58.679
When you haven't acknowledged the past, you can't. And that's

1001
01:02:58.679 --> 01:03:02.960
why to this day, so upholding white supremacy. Right, and again,

1002
01:03:03.039 --> 01:03:04.800
when we say whiteness, that's what we're talking about. We're

1003
01:03:04.800 --> 01:03:08.679
talking about a system of white suppressed supremacy. Yeah, but

1004
01:03:08.800 --> 01:03:11.039
really correct. This post says, why does so many Latinos

1005
01:03:11.079 --> 01:03:13.280
forget where they come from? I see family members, our

1006
01:03:13.320 --> 01:03:15.519
own loved ones, forget the struggles of those who came

1007
01:03:15.559 --> 01:03:19.079
before them as Latinos, whether first, second, or third generation,

1008
01:03:19.320 --> 01:03:22.639
we do not get to forget. We're here because someone struggled,

1009
01:03:22.719 --> 01:03:26.079
sacrifice and endured. And again, some of that struggle is

1010
01:03:26.880 --> 01:03:30.239
people were here and got their land taken away, were killed.

1011
01:03:30.880 --> 01:03:35.119
Yeah maybe in Namatanza, you know. So why do some forget?

1012
01:03:35.239 --> 01:03:39.079
Let's talk about one big reason, a lack of cultural connection.

1013
01:03:40.159 --> 01:03:43.320
And this makes me think of but the daughter who

1014
01:03:43.440 --> 01:03:49.239
kept writing the memoir of her dad. Oh my gosh, yes, Linda,

1015
01:03:49.920 --> 01:03:52.920
Linda Davis. Yeah, that's not a cultural connection, but it's

1016
01:03:53.079 --> 01:03:57.000
keeping his memory alive and telling his story and sharing

1017
01:03:57.159 --> 01:04:00.960
the what happened the reality of what happened. Somewhere along

1018
01:04:01.039 --> 01:04:04.440
the way they were taught that assimilating equal safety. That's

1019
01:04:04.440 --> 01:04:07.920
speaking Spanish, being too ethnic, or asking questions would hold

1020
01:04:08.000 --> 01:04:11.639
them back from the American dream in places like Texas.

1021
01:04:12.480 --> 01:04:18.480
This wasn't accidental. Decades of cultural erasure shaped generations, kids

1022
01:04:18.559 --> 01:04:23.800
punished for speaking Spanish, accents, mocked, history rewritten, or raised entirely.

1023
01:04:24.639 --> 01:04:26.719
And yes, that's kind of what we're talking about today, right.

1024
01:04:26.880 --> 01:04:29.000
If it wasn't for the people who fought to keep

1025
01:04:29.039 --> 01:04:32.840
this piece of history alive, we wouldn't know anything about it. Yep,

1026
01:04:33.840 --> 01:04:36.880
we weren't taught the real history of Texas. We were

1027
01:04:36.960 --> 01:04:41.000
fed a sanitized version. They erased the lynchings of Mexicans,

1028
01:04:41.159 --> 01:04:44.039
the Jim cro laws that targeted us to and the

1029
01:04:44.159 --> 01:04:47.800
land grabs that stole for Mexican farmers. They skipped over

1030
01:04:47.880 --> 01:04:51.920
the bassetto program used and war discarded after they hid

1031
01:04:52.039 --> 01:04:55.239
the Mexican showers at the border where people were sprayed

1032
01:04:55.239 --> 01:04:58.760
with gasoline and cyclone B. We were taught to forget

1033
01:04:59.119 --> 01:05:01.920
because forgetting keeps us quiet. But now we know, and

1034
01:05:02.119 --> 01:05:07.599
silence is no longer survival. Forgetting isn't always portrayal, sometimes

1035
01:05:07.679 --> 01:05:10.719
it's protection. But let's be clear, we cannot move forward

1036
01:05:10.760 --> 01:05:15.239
together if we're disconnected from our roots. It's time to relearn, reclaim,

1037
01:05:15.280 --> 01:05:17.800
and remember, because when we know our history, we speak

1038
01:05:17.840 --> 01:05:21.239
with purpose. We organize this courty. We don't shame others,

1039
01:05:21.400 --> 01:05:24.519
we show up differently, we give grace and we build community.

1040
01:05:25.719 --> 01:05:28.440
Isn't that beautiful? I wish I could speak like this

1041
01:05:28.599 --> 01:05:30.679
or think of words like this. I know, and we

1042
01:05:30.760 --> 01:05:33.239
say we sound so dumb, but that's it's true, insane

1043
01:05:33.440 --> 01:05:36.360
but way dumber. But that's why we find, you know,

1044
01:05:36.480 --> 01:05:38.360
people who say it better and then we share when

1045
01:05:38.400 --> 01:05:42.199
we read it, Yes, exactly, and so you know what,

1046
01:05:42.320 --> 01:05:45.079
if that speaks to you, then like send this episode

1047
01:05:45.320 --> 01:05:48.119
and the past I don't know six episodes that we've

1048
01:05:48.199 --> 01:05:51.400
done on this to you know, a friend, someone that

1049
01:05:51.559 --> 01:05:56.559
needs this. It's it's been rough, but I'm I'm done

1050
01:05:56.639 --> 01:06:00.199
for now with yeah, with the lind Gene and that's

1051
01:06:00.239 --> 01:06:03.719
a great history. For now. There's always more, you know,

1052
01:06:05.239 --> 01:06:10.440
I'm tired, Okay, Yeah, this brings us to the end

1053
01:06:10.480 --> 01:06:12.559
of the episode and we hope this was one less

1054
01:06:12.639 --> 01:06:19.000
Yestordia Unknown for you. Bye bye. Estoria Unknown is produced

1055
01:06:19.039 --> 01:06:22.280
by Carmen and Christina, researched by Carmen and Christina, edited

1056
01:06:22.320 --> 01:06:25.039
by Christina. You can find sources for every episode at

1057
01:06:25.159 --> 01:06:28.480
Estoria's unknown dot com and in our show notes. Creating

1058
01:06:28.519 --> 01:06:29.800
the podcast has a lot of work, so if you

1059
01:06:29.840 --> 01:06:31.920
want to help us out financially, you can do so

1060
01:06:32.079 --> 01:06:35.920
by supporting us on Patreon at patreon dot com. Slash

1061
01:06:35.960 --> 01:06:37.039
you Studio as an own podcast