Sept. 25, 2025

The History of Border Patrol (part 2)

The History of Border Patrol (part 2)
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The organization known today as border patrol began in 1924. In this episode, Carmen tells Cristina about the history of border patrol. From the restrictive immigration laws that preceded it, it's creation, to its early years. In part two, Carmen tells Cristina about the discriminatory and violent tactics of the early border patrol, and more history. 

Come see Carmen & Cristina Nov 1st, 2025 in Yakima,WA:  The Cucuy Is Going to Get You Nov 1st, 2025 event in Yakima, WA

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email Historiasunknownpodcast@gmail.com or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Sources

https://aapihistorymuseum.org/what-did-these-anti-chinese-laws-and-rules-say/ 
Migra! A History of US Border Patrol by Kelly Lytte Hernandez https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Milton 
https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/50/3/602/152626/The-Spanish-Americans-of-New-Mexico-A-Heritage-of 
https://sourcenm.com/2024/09/24/what-does-hispanic-identity-mean-in-new-mexico/

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WEBVTT

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Hi everyone. This is Carmen and Christina and this is

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Eastodias Unknown, a podcast where we talk about Latin American history,

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sometimes the horrible, and deals with heavy topics like racism, corruption,

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and genocide. But more than that, it's also by resistance,

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power and community. Okay, So we are continuing to talk

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about the history of Border Patrol, and last week we

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talked about restrictive immigration laws leading up to the creation

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of Border Patrol, as well as their early years of

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border patrol, like their low budget, lack of clear roles

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and oversight, and the dynamics of the men who joined

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Border Patrol in its early years. And that was just

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a reminder, yes, thank you, Well a refresher of what

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we covered is always good. Yeah, yeah yeah. And then

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today we're going to get into the discriminatory and violent

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tactics of the early border patrols. So fun, prepare yourself

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to be mad. I can't wait for a great episode

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a man, and by great, I mean that I'm going

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to be angry, to be raging. Yeah. Again. Because of

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the lack of formal training, Board patrol districts were left

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to develop their own methods of enforcing immigration laws, and

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one of these methods was a line watches, in which

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officers physically patrolled the areas of the border of their

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particular districts to apprehend quote unauthorized immigrants as they cross

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into the US. But because of the great distance between

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the official ports of entry and fewer than two hundred

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officers spread across various shifts, line watching wasn't actually effective

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at all, and so, in an effort to come up

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with a more effective way of policing, Chester C. Courtney,

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chief Patrol inspector of the Subdistrict Office in Marfa, Texas,

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conducted a study and concluded that forty percent of unsanctioned

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border crossers had evaded the line watches. Mind you, he

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conducted this study of missed apprehensions by comparing the number

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of people apprehended since nineteen twenty four to the growth

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of the region's Mexican population. I don't understand, Okay, So

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the way that he conducted this study by what was

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by comparing the He compared the people that were apprehended

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since nineteen twenty four to the how much the Mexican

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population in the area grew. So he compared those two numbers, Okay,

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those two numbers to come up with the percentage of

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missed apprehensions. So like, oh, there's like eighty percent more

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Mexicans here, so that means eighty percent invaded us. Yeah,

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I'm making those numbers up, like you just said, obviously, Yeah,

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it's sick. But also he was also making this up.

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Oh shit, yeah. Yeah, So there's a lot of flaws

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in this study, right. For starters, he didn't have the

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official count of Mexican population at any point, you know,

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in nineteen twenty four or after, so he didn't know

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for sure how much growth there was. He just just

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from his eyes, you know, just what he saw. He

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was like, too many, I haven't seen those before. Yeah.

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And uh. He also didn't have any numbers regarding how

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many of those in the population were undocumented or not.

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He just assumed they were because they looked Mexican, kinda

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like Ice is doing today. Wow, everything repeats the sof

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And yeah, he didn't know if these Mexicans came from

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Mexico or from another state, you know what I mean,

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or if they were like already there when right they

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took these lands exactly. Yeah, and so yeah, he just

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automatically assumed that any growth in the Mexican population meant

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that they had entered the country as quote, unsanctioned border crossers.

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And so Chester's little study showed that early on border

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patrol equated illegal quote illegal border crossings to Mexicans, and

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that Mexicans should be policed. And so in last episode

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I mentioned that the lou Moi and hopefully I'm saying

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that right, I don't even know. But anyway, the lou

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Moi Supreme Court decision determined that a quote alien is

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the act of entering the US until he reaches his

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interior destination. And how this basically extended the jurisdiction of

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the border patrol way beyond the border, and this would

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later be unconstitutional. No, No, I thought you said that

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about something last episod that was about one of the

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Chinese inclusion laws. Oh right, pretty sure, Okay, yeah, okay,

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so this still stands today, Yeah, because the border patrol

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basically has jurisdiction anywhere because it's within the three hundred

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miles within the border, right, I think so, But I

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think I guess anywhere. It just would be the Midwest

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because they don't have any technically a border, but now

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they're just everywhere. Yeah, I mean they're everywhere, does matter? Yeah,

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So in nineteen twenty seven, the Border Patrol began exercising

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this jurisdiction. So they actually started moving beyond the borderline

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and line watches into the greater borderlands. And so they

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patrolled the back roads and conducted traffic stops to question people. Oh, basically,

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they were policing the mobility of Mexicans because they were

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not stopping white people, right right, these traffic stops that

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were only asking Mexicans about where were from, where they

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were born, and things like that. And now that the

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officers were spending less time on the actual physical border,

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they were unable to catch people in the act of

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crossing the border quote legally, right. So they used and

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this is going to sound so familiar because it's happening now,

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So they used with the Supreme Court would later call

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Mexican appearance as a way of identifying supposed unauthorized border crossers,

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just like now the Supreme Court has okay racial profiling

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against Latinos. They literally said it was okay if someone

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was speaking Spanish, if they looked a certain way, because

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that is grounds for suspicion of being here illegally. Yeah,

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And just like then they okay to border patrol to say, oh,

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this person looks Mexican. This is a man of Mexican appearance.

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Let's ask him where he's from. So it's like we're

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in the lasts and twenties, and you know, they were like,

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this isn't Germany. This isn't nineteen forties Germany. And it's like, okay, no,

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just say this isn't nineteen twenties US like, yes, this

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is literally happened before.

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This isn't America. That is what.

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Shocks me because I'm like, vagrancy laws are similar to

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this too, and those were mused against black people in

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the South, also against Mexicans in Texas and California. Yeah yeah,

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so I'm like, I don't know why the fuck well,

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I talked about it in the Anti Miners Act episode,

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but there was a law that preceded the Anti or

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maybe oh my god, I'm forgetting so much. It's because

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I'm sick, so you know what, I'm not gonna remember.

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But there was a law called the Anti Vacrancy Act

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and it was used literally just to arrest Mexicans and

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police people go black people. Yeah, yeah, I'm not gonna

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remember the other part of this. Oh okay, the anti

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Greaser Act. Oh my god, that's so long, but you

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got there. Yeah, the Greaser Act. You're half a brain

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cell remains intact. Yeah. So. And one example of racial

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profiling border patrol officers Pete Torres and miss Pedro. I

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don't know what his name was anyway. Pete Torres, the

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border patrol officer we talked about last episode who was

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so opended up being called Mexican that he shot in

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Quentin to call him that. Along with George Parker Junior,

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We're driving around in El Paso in the El Paso

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Las Cruces Highway when they spotted two Mexicans who were

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heading north. So Pete turns to George and says, I

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believe the two in that car Mexican. Let us go

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and see if there are wet aliens. Wet alien Pete, Pete.

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So the stop ended up turning into a bigger deal

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because the two men in the car, Mariano Martinez and

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Hezu's hasso And wow, the illiteration. I love that they

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had alcohol in the car during the prohibition, so they yeah,

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they were violating federal prohibition laws. And Pete and George

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detained them for that and for how the case developed.

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It's important to note that the agent saw a bag

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of what appeared to be canned and they asked the

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men what they had, and then one of them said alcohol.

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So they admitted to having alcohol. But Mariano and Hissu's

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protested their arrest, arguing that border patrol agents didn't have

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the authority or reasonable evidence to investigate them for violing

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federal prohibition laws. And the record of this investigation is

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what allowed the actor Kelly member of on a verse

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name basis right to look into the historical practice of

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the border Patrol using wish profiling as grounds to question

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people about their immigration status. Ultimately, the Commission, the Commission,

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the Commission, the Commission what the Commissioner of Health p

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and George's actions, including their yeah, including their use of

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race to stop Mariano and Quesus. Oh my god, like

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this is a Preme Court today, Mm hmmm. Yeah. And

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so Chester Courtney, who was then the acting Chief Inspector

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of War Patrol, reviewed the decision and concluded that quote

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as long as patrol inspectors use their head when stopping

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Mexicans to inquire into their alienage and later find Liquor

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that the arrest will be upheld, but he warned his

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officers that had the two persons been in white Americans,

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the case would have been thrown out on account of

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legal search, as they would have been absurd to say

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they believe the Americans to be aliens. Oh wow wow

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mm hmmm, and so Kelly wrote in particular, by describing

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the defendant as Mexican regardless of their foremost citizenship status

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while seamlessly interchanging the terms of white and American Courtney

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reveals that border patrol tactics were profoundly shaped by the

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deeper histories and broader social systems that marked Mechicanos as

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marginalized and temporary outsiders within the region's duminant social, cultural, political,

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and economic systems. Immigration law therefore provided the basic framework

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for border patrol operations, but the histories of conquests, displacement,

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and the rise of Jim Crow and the era of

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agribusiness penetrated the border patrols everyday translations of immigration law

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into immigration law enforcement practices. So like all these things

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are affecting their everyday practice, resulting in the racial profiling

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discrimination of Mexicans. Yeah, this racialization of who's a citizen

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and who's automatically under suspicion of being undocumented even affected

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the development of the pseudoscience of tracking, which is so

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tracking was a method developed and used by war patrol

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officers in which the officers read markings like broken twigs,

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human litter, and footprints left by people traveling through the area.

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And so the officers would pick up a footprint at

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the border and track this person's movement inland through miles

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of thick brush, mountain terrain, and open desert. That was

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a Mexican foot separate there. Wait, okay, wait, you walk

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like a Mexican basically, is what I'm gonna say right now.

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So some of the border patrol men were experts in

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this tracking we say experts in quotation marks. Yeah, experts

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at a pseudoscience. How are you going to be expert

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as something fake? Well? Wow? Well, So among them was

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fred D Albini, who we talked about last episode. He

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was one of the bullies who threw rocks at Mexican

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kids growing up. Oh, when he was a kid, and

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then he became Augian. Yes, I remember right, this fellow.

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So Fred liked to joke around with new recruits about

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his track and abilities, and he was squat over a

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track horse, which I looked up and it's like this

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contraption I don't know, okay, and trap for Mexican snow,

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basically I don't know what they used it for. It's

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like a like a farm thing or some shit. I

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don't know. So anyway, he were like basically squat over

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like acting, and then he'd be like, hmm, a Mexican

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male about five five to five eight, dark brown hair,

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brown eyes, dark complexion, wearing waatches and so on with

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the stereotypical description of a Mexican man. And sorry, he

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ascertained this from a footstep right ptein And so then

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he would conclude like this little show by saying, when

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the last tracks were found with the maker standing in them,

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sure enough, that's what he looked like. And his name

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was Juan or Jose. Yeah that's my other choice. Yeah.

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So Fred also once explained it to a writer. A

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Mexican always walks heavy on the outside of his feet.

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When he walks, he puts his foot down on the

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hill first and then rolls it off. Indians will do

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that too, White and blacks ordinarily put their feet down flat. Wow.

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And he likes seriously said this like he was serious,

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he thought it was real. Wow, Like bitch, what what

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do you mean delusional? Then yeah, yeah, it's like pseudoscience,

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Like racial pseudoscience is stupid. Well yeah, to say the least.

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In one instance of racial profiling, two border patrol officers

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tracked a nineteen year old Jose and Nandez to a

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store in Esperanta, Texas, and before leaving the store, the

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officers decided to interrogate Jose about his citizenship status. So

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they pulled him out of the store by force, and

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they forced him into their car and drove off, accusing

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him of entering the country legally. And they drove hoo

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said to his shack where he lived, and he showed

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them his baptism certificate proving he was born here in

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the United States. Baptism, Yeah, I said, a baptist mos certificate. Okay,

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I'm assuming because I don't know if this is the

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nineteen twenties, not everybody was born in a hospital. True, Plus,

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if you're usually baptized as a baby, so if you're like, yeah,

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plus he lived in a shack, yeah, okay, and people

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who were you know, of lesser means. I guess they

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didn't always register their kids and get bird certificates and

232
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blah blah all that stuff. But yeah, he had a

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Baptist wallet certificate which said where he was born and

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he was born in the United States. But the officers

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were like, shut the fuck up, you said. Oh, they said,

236
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shut up, you stid up a bitch, and they didn't

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believe the certificate was valid. Oh my god. And so

238
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then they took him by the river where they supposedly

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first started tracking the foot prints that they tracked all

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the way to the store to find him. Right, So

241
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they took him to this foot prints and then they

242
00:16:22.720 --> 00:16:28.200
compared Hosea's footprints to the foot prints on the ground, right,

243
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and then they decided, quote, they're just the same, Yes,

244
00:16:32.279 --> 00:16:34.480
you cross tonight. You sent up a bitch, Like how

245
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are you going to compare? Like what do you mean?

246
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And they're like, show me your papers. He showed them

247
00:16:38.960 --> 00:16:40.879
and they're like nah, no, no. And then they took

248
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them to this footprint and they're like these are the

249
00:16:42.720 --> 00:16:46.440
same footprints. Oh my god. And I'm like, what kind

250
00:16:46.440 --> 00:16:52.799
of what kind of is this? Yeah? Yeah, yeah. Also,

251
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when the officers followed the tracks to the store, they

252
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came upon three men, two of which they described as American,

253
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so probably white. And then out of these three men,

254
00:17:03.799 --> 00:17:06.480
they only decided to interge Jose. So what if they

255
00:17:06.480 --> 00:17:08.680
had followed these tracks to the store and there had

256
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been three white men, what then, you know what I mean,

257
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what would they have done? Found magically found tracks somewhere

258
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else to the next Mexican instead? Yeah, and so this

259
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is just like today's ice, right, because we have heard

260
00:17:25.319 --> 00:17:29.079
people who who have said, who have shown their documentation

261
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their passports, have had that confiscated and still detained. And

262
00:17:34.799 --> 00:17:37.359
to know that in the stupid First of all, the

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Supreme Court decision was made in the shadow docket, basically,

264
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not in the not during public hours. So it's like

265
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all of a sudden, this decision was made and nobody

266
00:17:48.839 --> 00:17:52.359
even knew, yeah, it was going to be decided on,

267
00:17:53.079 --> 00:17:55.839
and there was no I forgot what they fucking call it,

268
00:17:55.880 --> 00:17:59.200
but there was no like main reason. They didn't give

269
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a reason. Right. The only person who wrote something was

270
00:18:04.799 --> 00:18:13.319
that alleged rapists what's his name? Ye immediately yeah, and

271
00:18:13.680 --> 00:18:16.640
in his stupid little shit that he wrote, he said

272
00:18:16.839 --> 00:18:21.799
that being temporarily detained is a non issue. It's not

273
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a big deal because you just show your proof of

274
00:18:25.279 --> 00:18:28.880
citizenship and you're fine. Mind you, we know of people

275
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that are citizens and have been detained for three weeks.

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You're telling me that being detained for three weeks is

277
00:18:36.519 --> 00:18:39.880
not a life changing event. And first of all, I

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00:18:39.880 --> 00:18:44.440
don't believe anybody should be detained agreed at detention centers,

279
00:18:45.079 --> 00:18:48.799
and the conditions a detention centers are a bit horrible,

280
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Like people are eating rotten food or they're eating like

281
00:18:53.240 --> 00:18:58.000
minimal amount of food. Toilets are clogged, medicine is declined,

282
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it's extremely cold, they're dying. People are dying in the

283
00:19:02.480 --> 00:19:05.039
tention centers, and they have been oh for a lots

284
00:19:05.039 --> 00:19:08.400
of tencher centers, as long as the tention centers have existed. Yep,

285
00:19:08.480 --> 00:19:11.240
So nobody should be detained. But mind you, he's over

286
00:19:11.279 --> 00:19:13.599
here trying to say, like, oh, it's not a big deal,

287
00:19:14.039 --> 00:19:17.359
and yet people are being put in these conditions even

288
00:19:17.400 --> 00:19:22.240
when showing their citizenship. Mm hm, so fuck you, Kevanaugh.

289
00:19:22.880 --> 00:19:26.039
And it's funny because like he didn't need to say anything,

290
00:19:26.640 --> 00:19:30.519
the dicision is made. He just wanted to show his ass.

291
00:19:31.000 --> 00:19:37.680
Yeah yeah, yeah, and my like Obviously we know there's

292
00:19:38.279 --> 00:19:42.480
there's why undocumented immigrants as well, But are they being

293
00:19:42.519 --> 00:19:46.079
subjected to any of this? No? And were they back then? No? No?

294
00:19:46.960 --> 00:19:56.720
So so Kelly writes that despite the Border patrols disorganization

295
00:19:56.880 --> 00:19:59.960
and lack of funding, the arrival of the Border Patrol

296
00:20:00.279 --> 00:20:05.039
into the borderlands introduced a legal slash illegal divide to

297
00:20:05.079 --> 00:20:09.000
the areas established systems of inequity while creating a new

298
00:20:09.039 --> 00:20:11.839
apparatus of violence and social control. So like there was

299
00:20:11.960 --> 00:20:14.759
already and then we talked about that lap last episode

300
00:20:14.759 --> 00:20:17.880
two and about Lulac and them trying to fit into

301
00:20:18.559 --> 00:20:24.039
the racial white black divide by being trying to be white.

302
00:20:24.480 --> 00:20:27.720
And so now they introduced this, you know, different system

303
00:20:27.799 --> 00:20:36.119
of subjugation legal and illegal or illegal meant brown Mexicans. Yeah,

304
00:20:36.160 --> 00:20:40.480
And while Border Patrol has targeted Mexicans basically since its inception,

305
00:20:41.000 --> 00:20:44.319
it's also important to emphasize that Mexicans have always resisted

306
00:20:44.319 --> 00:20:46.799
and fought back. And just to give one example, oo

307
00:20:47.920 --> 00:20:52.480
Border Patrol officer EJ. Stovel described a time where he

308
00:20:52.559 --> 00:20:55.000
didn't pull a gun out on a Mexican man who

309
00:20:55.200 --> 00:20:57.799
was caught with beer, and then the man as soon

310
00:20:57.799 --> 00:21:00.359
as he was caught, he like smashed the ball evidence what,

311
00:21:00.480 --> 00:21:06.720
I don't have anything, But this EJ Border patrol officer

312
00:21:06.839 --> 00:21:08.359
was like, well, I didn't pull out a gun on

313
00:21:08.440 --> 00:21:10.920
him because I would have had fifty Mexicans on me

314
00:21:11.000 --> 00:21:14.759
real quick. So there's like stories of you know, Mexican

315
00:21:14.799 --> 00:21:19.160
communities and little towns surrounding others and surrounding officers. Yeah,

316
00:21:19.680 --> 00:21:24.359
oh my god, kind of like today. Yeah yeah. And

317
00:21:24.440 --> 00:21:28.160
occasionally business owners and the lead would also challenge border patrol,

318
00:21:28.680 --> 00:21:30.559
but for the most part they were in league with

319
00:21:30.599 --> 00:21:34.200
the border patrol and appreciated the policing of Mexican laborers

320
00:21:34.240 --> 00:21:37.799
by border patrol. In the book, there's like obviously lots

321
00:21:37.799 --> 00:21:40.680
of more examples, but they did talk about that the

322
00:21:40.759 --> 00:21:44.880
store owner where Jose was interrogated and taken from he

323
00:21:44.920 --> 00:21:51.200
followed the complaint against the border control but oh patrol good. Yeah. So,

324
00:21:51.319 --> 00:21:55.920
with pressure from agricultural businessman, many municipalities in the Texan

325
00:21:56.039 --> 00:21:59.519
borderlands passive vagrancy laws that they were in migrant workers

326
00:21:59.519 --> 00:22:01.480
with the rest if they traveled to new jobs, and

327
00:22:01.519 --> 00:22:05.680
place restrictions on out of state labor contractors, all in

328
00:22:05.759 --> 00:22:09.200
efforts to stop workers from improving labor conditions. And wages,

329
00:22:10.200 --> 00:22:13.559
and border patrol became just another one of their tools

330
00:22:13.559 --> 00:22:18.519
in those efforts. One farmer said, we told the immigration officers,

331
00:22:18.559 --> 00:22:21.640
if our Mexicans tried to get away into the interior,

332
00:22:22.160 --> 00:22:24.279
and they stop them and send them back to Mexico,

333
00:22:24.480 --> 00:22:26.119
then in a few days their back here and we

334
00:22:26.160 --> 00:22:29.440
have good workers for another year. Oh it's like we

335
00:22:29.440 --> 00:22:32.920
were saying in the episode where we recovered Zospigettis. Yeah,

336
00:22:33.000 --> 00:22:37.039
it's these things work together against the working class. And

337
00:22:37.119 --> 00:22:44.920
even now we're seeing labor organizers, activists being detained by eyes. Yeah,

338
00:22:44.960 --> 00:22:49.200
and so that's why these things are intersectional, and like

339
00:22:49.240 --> 00:22:53.039
why may date is so often tied with immigrant rights movements,

340
00:22:54.240 --> 00:22:58.240
because you can have one without the other. And it

341
00:22:58.359 --> 00:23:01.480
was a delicate balance for border patras to enforce immigration

342
00:23:02.119 --> 00:23:05.119
while not disrupting the labor horse of the elite. And

343
00:23:05.200 --> 00:23:09.079
it was a matter of mutual respect and benefit between everyone,

344
00:23:09.640 --> 00:23:12.440
as in border patrol and the elite, everyone but the

345
00:23:12.480 --> 00:23:18.240
Mexican laborers who were exploited by both border patrol and

346
00:23:18.319 --> 00:23:23.519
the farmers ranchers. Right often, border patrol agents asked for

347
00:23:23.559 --> 00:23:26.480
help from the ranchers and farmers, especially when facing off

348
00:23:26.799 --> 00:23:30.799
with bandits or smugglers trafficking and alcohol during the prohibition,

349
00:23:31.480 --> 00:23:34.480
who they often had violent face offs with and pretty

350
00:23:34.559 --> 00:23:37.880
much used as an excuse to be indiscriminately violent to

351
00:23:37.960 --> 00:23:42.960
all Mexicans. So let's get into an or I think

352
00:23:42.960 --> 00:23:45.240
it's some I wrote one example, but the nikere writing,

353
00:23:45.240 --> 00:23:47.839
so let me say that I go. Okay, So let's

354
00:23:47.839 --> 00:23:51.960
get into a few examples of this. John, who for

355
00:23:52.000 --> 00:23:56.839
some reason was known as Jack, and James aka Jim

356
00:23:56.960 --> 00:24:00.680
Conningham were brothers from ed Fasil, Texas who worked as

357
00:24:00.759 --> 00:24:04.400
merchants and then peace officers before working as mounted guard

358
00:24:04.519 --> 00:24:09.000
for immigration and then border patrol wants. The mounted guard

359
00:24:09.839 --> 00:24:13.079
you know the Chinese inspectors that I talked about before, Right, Okay,

360
00:24:13.279 --> 00:24:16.559
they were basically they turned into border patrol and many

361
00:24:16.559 --> 00:24:19.559
of those people became the early border patrol officers. Right.

362
00:24:20.559 --> 00:24:26.240
So John was John Sush. Jack was older and he

363
00:24:26.359 --> 00:24:30.519
was said to have quote limited mental facilities. Oh and

364
00:24:30.599 --> 00:24:33.799
then and so Jim pretty much watched over him since childhood,

365
00:24:34.160 --> 00:24:38.799
and they worked as a pair and always patrol together. Well,

366
00:24:38.839 --> 00:24:42.599
one day Jim was shot by a Mexican smuggler and

367
00:24:42.720 --> 00:24:47.880
although he did survive, he sustained pretty serious injuries, and

368
00:24:47.920 --> 00:24:50.880
on the day that Jim was shot, Jack headed to

369
00:24:51.039 --> 00:24:54.240
the border to get revenge. And while Jim was in

370
00:24:54.279 --> 00:24:58.039
the hospital, reports came into the hospital that someone was

371
00:24:58.079 --> 00:25:00.559
down at the bridge doing a lot of of shooting,

372
00:25:01.559 --> 00:25:03.960
and when someone went down to investigate, they found Jack.

373
00:25:04.759 --> 00:25:06.880
He had gone to the river where Jim was shot

374
00:25:07.039 --> 00:25:09.279
and killed every person who came in sight at the

375
00:25:09.319 --> 00:25:15.240
Mexican side of the river. Oh my god. Yeah, And

376
00:25:15.319 --> 00:25:17.640
I wanted to look further into whether what happened to him,

377
00:25:17.680 --> 00:25:22.000
but most of the Border patrol officers that killed Mexicans,

378
00:25:22.400 --> 00:25:26.519
nothing happened to him. Yeah, yeah, so I'm sure that

379
00:25:26.640 --> 00:25:31.920
was the case for Jack mm hm. Kelly noted that

380
00:25:32.200 --> 00:25:35.400
Border Patrol followed in the footsteps of the Texas Rangers.

381
00:25:35.920 --> 00:25:38.640
How did I knew that name was gonna come up?

382
00:25:39.160 --> 00:25:43.599
Yeah, by engaging there in their tradition of revenge by proxy.

383
00:25:44.079 --> 00:25:46.079
And I think when we talked about, well you talked

384
00:25:46.079 --> 00:25:50.119
about who was that you did an episode on, it

385
00:25:50.200 --> 00:25:53.559
was that guy who was basically being chased by the

386
00:25:53.599 --> 00:25:56.960
Texas Rangers, Chico Cano. Yeah. So like that was the

387
00:25:57.000 --> 00:26:02.079
case of Texas Rangers wanting revenge Chico Kano. Yeah, And

388
00:26:02.160 --> 00:26:05.440
there was many stories of Texas Rangers doing that, and

389
00:26:05.480 --> 00:26:08.519
so Bord Patrol they did the same ship. And you

390
00:26:08.519 --> 00:26:12.279
know what I find interesting? When I posted the videos

391
00:26:12.279 --> 00:26:14.920
to both TikTok and his stories known, there was at

392
00:26:15.039 --> 00:26:19.079
least one comment like, oh, we'll talk about the Mexican bannis.

393
00:26:19.119 --> 00:26:23.240
I'm like, why this is a video about Chico Kano Bandits.

394
00:26:23.920 --> 00:26:24.319
Yeah?

395
00:26:24.359 --> 00:26:27.079
Like, bitch, like, oh well, don't forget about the bandits.

396
00:26:27.119 --> 00:26:31.599
I don't care. I don't care about that. Did you

397
00:26:31.599 --> 00:26:34.119
talk about the bandits if that's your worry, Okay, if

398
00:26:34.119 --> 00:26:37.680
you want to. It's like, it's that's what's been talked about,

399
00:26:37.720 --> 00:26:40.960
that's been the narrative. Yeah, so why am I going

400
00:26:40.960 --> 00:26:45.839
to repeat their narrative? But what man? I don't think so,

401
00:26:46.759 --> 00:26:48.880
I don't think so. I'm not going to share the

402
00:26:49.039 --> 00:26:52.680
narrative in the Texas Rangers Museum. If you want to

403
00:26:52.680 --> 00:26:55.000
know about the bandits, go to the Texas Ranger Museum.

404
00:26:55.000 --> 00:26:58.759
I'm sure you'll read all the text Rangers fucking killed.

405
00:26:59.319 --> 00:27:02.960
Since you want to learn so much about Mexicans being killed? Here, No,

406
00:27:03.359 --> 00:27:05.920
the other way around. Not here, bitch, in this house,

407
00:27:08.160 --> 00:27:15.359
we don't give one fuck. Where was I? Oh? Yeah,

408
00:27:15.400 --> 00:27:18.319
so these quests of revenge were common, just as they

409
00:27:18.319 --> 00:27:21.519
were for the Texas Rangers, and it was also common

410
00:27:21.599 --> 00:27:25.519
for mobs to form with participation of the ranchers and

411
00:27:25.640 --> 00:27:30.119
community members and Border Patrol. Well yeah it was. It

412
00:27:30.160 --> 00:27:36.480
was border Patrol forming these mobs with oh yeah, my bad. No,

413
00:27:36.640 --> 00:27:39.359
that might have been my bad. I don't know, who knows.

414
00:27:40.640 --> 00:27:43.440
So one example of this, Lawn Parker, was a Border

415
00:27:43.480 --> 00:27:47.440
Patrol officer who was killed while engaging with smugglers. And

416
00:27:47.640 --> 00:27:51.240
a few days after Lawn's death, a new officer, Alvin

417
00:27:51.480 --> 00:27:55.920
Edward Moore, was given land I can't wanting to call

418
00:27:55.960 --> 00:27:59.920
him Lonnie, sorry. He was given Lawns badge and told

419
00:28:00.160 --> 00:28:02.480
story of the smuggler who killed him and got away

420
00:28:02.519 --> 00:28:05.319
with it. I see they could have just given him

421
00:28:05.319 --> 00:28:07.799
the badge and not said anything. But no, that doesn't

422
00:28:07.799 --> 00:28:11.920
push a little tradition of violence. It's part of the tradition.

423
00:28:12.119 --> 00:28:16.720
Are blood hungry, yeah, and uh thirsty for killing Mexicans.

424
00:28:16.720 --> 00:28:20.000
So yep, they have to keep this going. So when

425
00:28:20.039 --> 00:28:22.400
Alvin got word of where the smuggler was, he gathered

426
00:28:22.440 --> 00:28:26.440
fellow officers, farmers, and ranchers, basically a mob, a mob, yeah,

427
00:28:26.720 --> 00:28:31.799
to avenge Lawn's death and Lawn's partner Albert So Albert

428
00:28:31.839 --> 00:28:34.839
was leading the mob, and after deputizing the farmers and ranchers,

429
00:28:34.880 --> 00:28:37.640
he told the men, all I've got to say, men

430
00:28:37.920 --> 00:28:40.359
is when you see anybody coming toward the line tonight,

431
00:28:40.480 --> 00:28:42.920
yell at him in English and if you don't answer

432
00:28:42.920 --> 00:28:50.079
you in English, shoot. And this lure of Lawn kept

433
00:28:50.119 --> 00:28:54.759
being used as an excuse to exact violence against Mexicans.

434
00:28:56.880 --> 00:29:00.759
So angry. Yeah, that night of the mob, the man

435
00:29:00.799 --> 00:29:03.680
that was accused of having shot having shot and killed

436
00:29:03.680 --> 00:29:08.240
the Lan, Domitilio, had been shot and survived and was

437
00:29:08.279 --> 00:29:11.039
later sentenced to death. So this was the man that was,

438
00:29:11.279 --> 00:29:15.000
you know, allegedly responsible for the killing of Lan. But

439
00:29:15.119 --> 00:29:19.599
actually years later Ralph Williams, who was related to Lan

440
00:29:19.799 --> 00:29:23.079
by marriage, joined the Board patrol. And this was years

441
00:29:23.079 --> 00:29:26.960
after Lan you know, was killed and Domitillio had been

442
00:29:27.279 --> 00:29:31.960
sentenced to death and supposedly kisal problem solved, you know, right,

443
00:29:32.400 --> 00:29:36.480
So anyway, he vowed to avenge Lanz murder. But like

444
00:29:36.799 --> 00:29:42.200
Lan legend murder, No you don't understand. Yeah, Actually it

445
00:29:42.279 --> 00:29:43.839
was more it was it was a different guy. It

446
00:29:43.880 --> 00:29:48.039
was a different Mexican. According to these people. They just

447
00:29:48.039 --> 00:29:56.880
wanted to kill Mexicans. So uh okay, so yeah, Ralph

448
00:29:57.440 --> 00:30:01.000
vtual avenged Lanz murder and Ralph along with a sheriff,

449
00:30:01.119 --> 00:30:05.680
Nate Jim, who was Lown's nephew and coincidentally grew up

450
00:30:05.720 --> 00:30:08.359
with the other fellows that I talked about during Rocks

451
00:30:08.359 --> 00:30:13.359
and Mexican kids doing the same thing. What are go incidence? Yeah?

452
00:30:14.240 --> 00:30:18.319
Uh so uh they killed two Mexican men who they

453
00:30:18.359 --> 00:30:22.039
believed were responsible for Lawn's death, even though the man

454
00:30:22.160 --> 00:30:25.640
allegedly already responsible had already been sentenced and had already

455
00:30:25.680 --> 00:30:33.319
been killed because of that sentence. Yeah, yeah, wow, And

456
00:30:33.640 --> 00:30:35.680
the legend of Lawn continued.

457
00:30:36.400 --> 00:30:40.880
No, how they love to beat? What is that saying?

458
00:30:41.000 --> 00:30:43.519
Beat a horse deadd Is that's it?

459
00:30:43.599 --> 00:30:45.880
Right? Yeah? I think so? Are they not doing that

460
00:30:46.319 --> 00:30:50.680
right now with a certain someone? They're beating that ship

461
00:30:50.799 --> 00:30:53.240
to death? That horse? Whatever is the saying?

462
00:30:53.680 --> 00:30:53.880
Say?

463
00:30:54.240 --> 00:30:58.000
Yeah? Yeah? And so yeah?

464
00:30:58.000 --> 00:30:59.759
Wait wait sorry, is it beat up a horse?

465
00:31:00.319 --> 00:31:02.799
It beat it? I don't know the quo. I don't

466
00:31:02.839 --> 00:31:05.240
know the same. I'm sorry, we don't say the don't

467
00:31:05.279 --> 00:31:08.440
I don't know. Be a dead horse to death? Is

468
00:31:08.440 --> 00:31:10.880
that it? No? That's I think it's just beat a

469
00:31:10.920 --> 00:31:15.759
dead horse. Oh, beat a dead horse to death. It's

470
00:31:15.799 --> 00:31:21.160
already dead. He's dead at chad Walmar Oh okay, okay,

471
00:31:21.240 --> 00:31:26.160
So yeah, they love doing that ship they really do.

472
00:31:26.200 --> 00:31:28.839
They really do. I'm gonna try to remember that one.

473
00:31:29.319 --> 00:31:33.599
So yeah. The legend of Lawn continued, and by nineteen

474
00:31:33.599 --> 00:31:38.880
twenty six, seven men had been killed and one man

475
00:31:39.000 --> 00:31:42.160
was in jail, and all in the name of avenging

476
00:31:42.240 --> 00:31:48.000
Lawn's death, even though lns Yans killer had already been

477
00:31:48.079 --> 00:31:53.599
sentenced and to death. Yeah, anything to keep up this,

478
00:31:53.920 --> 00:32:01.000
Laura and miss it's all fake. It's all appearance. Fuck you, Lan.

479
00:32:04.720 --> 00:32:09.039
I'm just I fucking can't believe they they just kept

480
00:32:09.079 --> 00:32:13.880
this up. That's crazy, so Kelly wrote. In the battles

481
00:32:13.920 --> 00:32:17.960
that ensued between border patrol officers and mexicanos, school yard

482
00:32:18.000 --> 00:32:21.039
clashes were replayed between grown men, but the white boys

483
00:32:21.079 --> 00:32:24.240
who had become border patrol officers had gained the authority

484
00:32:24.279 --> 00:32:27.880
of the state. That's so dangerous and the state to

485
00:32:28.000 --> 00:32:34.440
kill Mexicans with impunity. Yep, and that's like there, that's

486
00:32:34.480 --> 00:32:36.759
like a dream come true for them. Oh yeah, I

487
00:32:37.200 --> 00:32:39.599
am sure they would love to do that again. I'm

488
00:32:39.640 --> 00:32:42.279
so sure. And you know what, it's getting there. It's

489
00:32:42.279 --> 00:32:46.559
getting there. Yeah, because we have heard of people dying

490
00:32:47.160 --> 00:32:50.920
while running away from from ice. And what are the

491
00:32:50.960 --> 00:32:58.119
fucking responses from these heartless uh dumbasses. Oh well, maybe

492
00:32:58.160 --> 00:33:00.480
he should have ran away. Oh if he was scared,

493
00:33:00.680 --> 00:33:03.400
I'll be maybe me there, shout the fuck up. It's

494
00:33:03.440 --> 00:33:04.880
always the same fucking bullshit.

495
00:33:04.960 --> 00:33:05.160
Oh.

496
00:33:05.319 --> 00:33:07.200
Oh, if they didn't want to be detained, they shouldn't

497
00:33:07.200 --> 00:33:09.200
have come. Oh why don't they put their keys to that?

498
00:33:09.359 --> 00:33:10.359
Shot up?

499
00:33:11.279 --> 00:33:11.960
Shut up?

500
00:33:12.039 --> 00:33:12.359
Do you know?

501
00:33:12.400 --> 00:33:18.359
How do you know how mines work? Minds with ancestral knowledge,

502
00:33:19.279 --> 00:33:22.119
with ties to this land, They don't think in borders.

503
00:33:23.279 --> 00:33:26.680
Borders are not real. You made them speed up, and

504
00:33:26.720 --> 00:33:31.920
now we can't walk across the walk across all the time. No,

505
00:33:32.000 --> 00:33:35.319
but really no ya, but I was gonna say, you

506
00:33:35.359 --> 00:33:38.240
don't even have to go and use today as an example.

507
00:33:38.559 --> 00:33:42.039
There was that case where the border patrol agents shot

508
00:33:42.079 --> 00:33:47.200
into Mexico. Oh my god, killed the kid, Yeah in Mexico. Yeah,

509
00:33:47.519 --> 00:33:53.240
got off free and he's probably retired receiving pay. Got

510
00:33:53.279 --> 00:33:57.599
to live to a happy, unhappy, old fucking age. This

511
00:33:57.759 --> 00:34:01.880
was like, no, this was like in twentyeight I'm not old. No,

512
00:34:02.079 --> 00:34:06.319
this was like post it was maybe like twenty fifteen

513
00:34:07.039 --> 00:34:07.599
something like that.

514
00:34:07.680 --> 00:34:10.000
Yeah, we covered it on his book, Tael, We're on

515
00:34:10.039 --> 00:34:10.599
his Hoetels.

516
00:34:10.679 --> 00:34:11.079
Yeah. Yeah.

517
00:34:11.079 --> 00:34:12.800
And that guy's name was Lonnie something.

518
00:34:12.960 --> 00:34:16.000
Oh my god, I hear that name. One more tired.

519
00:34:17.360 --> 00:34:20.400
But they and it was it went to the No,

520
00:34:20.440 --> 00:34:22.960
that didn't go to the Supreme Court. At the same time,

521
00:34:23.000 --> 00:34:25.280
there was a Supreme Court case being heard of the

522
00:34:25.280 --> 00:34:29.920
Supreme Court case, and that case determined that like basically

523
00:34:30.000 --> 00:34:33.000
they could just get away with this, leaving the family

524
00:34:33.039 --> 00:34:36.119
of the boy in Mexico to have no more recourse

525
00:34:36.159 --> 00:34:39.239
for justice. Yeah. So this is again killing with that

526
00:34:39.360 --> 00:34:45.039
impunity or sorry, with impunity, how without with with with Yeah,

527
00:34:45.280 --> 00:34:48.960
I'm just like, I'm just like sick of this. So.

528
00:34:49.079 --> 00:34:53.480
Another legendary figure in early border patrol culture is Charles

529
00:34:53.599 --> 00:34:57.760
Askins Junior, who was known as known as one of

530
00:34:57.840 --> 00:35:03.440
the twentieth century's greatest gunfighter. And obviously he was a

531
00:35:03.440 --> 00:35:09.840
barb troupser. You're right, right. So when Charles died, in

532
00:35:10.039 --> 00:35:15.199
obituary in the American Handgunner described him as a stone

533
00:35:15.239 --> 00:35:18.599
cold killer. For those of those of us who knew him,

534
00:35:18.719 --> 00:35:22.639
there was no dental way to put it, and this

535
00:35:22.800 --> 00:35:27.880
was a barb trouser, a stone cold killer, very huge

536
00:35:28.119 --> 00:35:31.360
red flag. Oh yeah, what's worse than a red flag?

537
00:35:35.079 --> 00:35:42.320
A glaring red flag, that's what this is. So Charles

538
00:35:42.400 --> 00:35:46.639
himself said his official body count was twenty seven, not

539
00:35:46.760 --> 00:35:51.920
counting blacks than Mexicans. Who was he killing then? And

540
00:35:52.000 --> 00:35:55.039
this was a presumably white people he killed, Oh my god,

541
00:35:55.159 --> 00:35:57.719
and he was and who knows how many black people

542
00:35:57.760 --> 00:36:00.519
and Mexicans. And also I've been saying blacks. That's how

543
00:36:00.559 --> 00:36:03.039
they the codes are. I don't say. Yeah, that's like

544
00:36:03.039 --> 00:36:05.320
a weird thing to say. Yeah, that is a weird

545
00:36:05.360 --> 00:36:07.360
thing to say. You know what I did see a

546
00:36:07.440 --> 00:36:12.360
video recircling or circulating around of a starting someone that

547
00:36:12.400 --> 00:36:17.039
passed away recently, was someone that was killed recently, right right, yeah,

548
00:36:17.079 --> 00:36:20.719
and at an event they're like blacks, and I'm like, oh,

549
00:36:20.880 --> 00:36:23.440
oh yeah, he said it all the time. Yeah yeah,

550
00:36:23.480 --> 00:36:26.239
and that like people know not to say that right

551
00:36:26.400 --> 00:36:29.519
in red flag? Yeah you don't. Yeah, come on, it's

552
00:36:29.559 --> 00:36:31.480
like they say that instead of the N word. That

553
00:36:31.599 --> 00:36:38.840
was intentional. Yeah yeah. So Charles also once said I

554
00:36:38.880 --> 00:36:41.280
was really in favor of banging a suspect over the

555
00:36:41.360 --> 00:36:43.719
years with a six shooter and then asking him when

556
00:36:43.760 --> 00:36:46.760
he crossed out of Mexico. This I found reduced a

557
00:36:46.800 --> 00:36:49.280
small talk to a few syllables and got to convence

558
00:36:49.519 --> 00:36:54.079
a confession in short order. Okay, this fucking bitch so

559
00:36:54.920 --> 00:36:58.320
a big strong man with the gun. Yeah, And we

560
00:36:58.360 --> 00:37:00.960
should note that in nineteen thirty, That's Department of Labor

561
00:37:01.400 --> 00:37:05.719
started to investigate corruption and excessive violence within the Border Patrol,

562
00:37:06.559 --> 00:37:08.880
and part of this involved compiling a list of all

563
00:37:08.920 --> 00:37:13.519
criminal convictions filed against Border Patrol officers since July nineteen

564
00:37:13.559 --> 00:37:17.800
twenty four. Mind you, they were created in March nineteen

565
00:37:17.800 --> 00:37:22.880
twenty four, so they started getting arrested a few months later. Wow,

566
00:37:23.440 --> 00:37:26.480
And they found from this list, they found that officers

567
00:37:26.480 --> 00:37:29.880
had been charged and convicted of everything from murder to speeding.

568
00:37:29.960 --> 00:37:33.159
So some people did actually get convicted. Some officers did.

569
00:37:33.239 --> 00:37:38.119
But murder was this within their duties as a borboso

570
00:37:38.199 --> 00:37:40.559
agent or outside of being a borbitual agent. They just

571
00:37:40.639 --> 00:37:43.280
like kind of a fight and killed someone. It doesn't differentiate.

572
00:37:43.360 --> 00:37:48.440
So I'm not sure. Okay, that's both because I feel

573
00:37:48.480 --> 00:37:51.599
like the odds of being convicted and there's a speculation

574
00:37:51.679 --> 00:37:53.440
of course, because I didn't look into this, but I

575
00:37:53.480 --> 00:37:56.639
feel like the odds of them getting convicted is because

576
00:37:56.679 --> 00:37:58.360
they were like in a bar fight and they killed them,

577
00:37:58.360 --> 00:38:01.440
white dude, not exactly what I was thinking. Yeah, if

578
00:38:01.480 --> 00:38:05.440
there's criminal charges, it's because someone was like, yeah, let's

579
00:38:05.519 --> 00:38:09.280
charge them, and that wouldn't be happening if we're talking

580
00:38:09.280 --> 00:38:15.639
about migrants crossing the border, thenna, they're not gonna cress charges.

581
00:38:15.719 --> 00:38:16.719
What charges like?

582
00:38:17.079 --> 00:38:17.559
So yeah.

583
00:38:18.440 --> 00:38:21.559
So then in nineteen thirty three there was some reorganization

584
00:38:21.760 --> 00:38:23.960
and this is where we get the ins the Immigration

585
00:38:24.119 --> 00:38:26.840
and Naturalization Service, which the Board Patrol was now under,

586
00:38:28.679 --> 00:38:32.320
and the Dinis then tried to clean ship. And I

587
00:38:32.360 --> 00:38:35.320
think that's how the saying goes, right. I think that's

588
00:38:35.360 --> 00:38:37.519
the right thing. Okay, Yeah, So they tried to clean

589
00:38:37.559 --> 00:38:41.519
things out by firing all officers and rehiring them only

590
00:38:41.599 --> 00:38:45.599
on a temporary basis. And in order to get highed permanently,

591
00:38:45.639 --> 00:38:48.159
the officers had to appear before a board of officials,

592
00:38:48.840 --> 00:38:51.800
which came to be known as the Benzene Board, and

593
00:38:51.920 --> 00:38:54.119
the goal of the board was to cut out officers

594
00:38:54.159 --> 00:38:58.079
who were prone to violence and use their guns too quickly. Okay,

595
00:38:58.280 --> 00:39:01.760
but oh, oh my god, I was gonna say that

596
00:39:01.800 --> 00:39:04.199
sounds like a good thing. I mean, you know, it

597
00:39:04.280 --> 00:39:07.280
is a good thing on paper, But men like Charles

598
00:39:07.280 --> 00:39:10.599
Askins Junior made it through the board. So they just

599
00:39:10.639 --> 00:39:13.480
presented well and made it through. I guess, Oh my god,

600
00:39:13.639 --> 00:39:17.920
this is the men that killed twenty seven people, not

601
00:39:17.960 --> 00:39:21.760
counting black people in Mexicans. Yeah, oh my god. Yeah.

602
00:39:22.559 --> 00:39:27.199
And there were a lot of different reasons for men

603
00:39:27.280 --> 00:39:31.239
like Charles Atkins being rehired permanently. And some of those

604
00:39:31.320 --> 00:39:34.159
reasons is that the board relied on law enforcement for

605
00:39:34.199 --> 00:39:39.679
their investigations, and law enforcesal we're going to investigate ourselves. Yeah,

606
00:39:40.039 --> 00:39:42.840
law enforcement they were just as corrupt and they often

607
00:39:42.920 --> 00:39:47.679
aided and carving up murders by Board patrol. So that's,

608
00:39:47.880 --> 00:39:50.840
you know, one of the reasons. And also the Great

609
00:39:50.880 --> 00:39:54.360
Depression happened shortly after, and so you know a lot

610
00:39:54.360 --> 00:39:59.440
of things were in the mix. And yeah, for nineteen

611
00:39:59.480 --> 00:40:03.559
thirty three, I guess we'll leave things off there. Okay, wow,

612
00:40:03.639 --> 00:40:06.119
well thanks for getting us up to nineteen thirty three

613
00:40:07.239 --> 00:40:11.800
and telling me more. We might go back in time.

614
00:40:11.840 --> 00:40:14.920
I'm not sure, we'll see, but this is where we're

615
00:40:15.119 --> 00:40:17.880
leaving off for now. We'll see where the next part

616
00:40:17.920 --> 00:40:22.159
takes us. Yeah. Actually, yeah, nineteen thirty to the training,

617
00:40:23.679 --> 00:40:26.800
they started a training school. Oh okay, then an effort

618
00:40:26.800 --> 00:40:29.480
to also make things like you know, is that training

619
00:40:29.639 --> 00:40:33.119
goes still around now, isn't it. I believe so. Yeah,

620
00:40:33.199 --> 00:40:37.079
And they're trained by the IDEF at the School of

621
00:40:37.119 --> 00:40:43.599
America's which has since been renamed and relocated. Actually I

622
00:40:43.599 --> 00:40:49.159
think it was just renamed. I think it's self forbetting anyway. Okay,

623
00:40:49.280 --> 00:40:53.159
well thanks for that, And do we have anything else

624
00:40:53.199 --> 00:41:01.880
to add before? I don't think so. Oh wait, I

625
00:41:01.920 --> 00:41:04.960
have something to add. Oh yes, I do. Actually have

626
00:41:04.960 --> 00:41:08.760
one more thing to add. If you are in Washington,

627
00:41:09.360 --> 00:41:12.840
no matter where in Washington you are, drive to Yakama.

628
00:41:12.840 --> 00:41:15.480
On November first, twenty twenty five. Carmen and I are

629
00:41:15.519 --> 00:41:19.000
doing an event, The Kukuo is Going to Get You

630
00:41:19.800 --> 00:41:24.920
featuring us and Jora Tempees from Latinos against Poogish Saturday,

631
00:41:24.960 --> 00:41:28.239
November first, twenty twenty five. Doors open at six thirty.

632
00:41:28.320 --> 00:41:30.960
Tickets are on sale. The link is in the show notes.

633
00:41:31.079 --> 00:41:32.960
And it's gonna be a good time. We're gonna be

634
00:41:33.000 --> 00:41:38.559
telling scary stories. There's gonna be a spooky mercado, There's

635
00:41:38.559 --> 00:41:41.599
going to be food, so yeah, it's gonna be a

636
00:41:41.639 --> 00:41:44.519
good time. Yeah. We're gonna be there in a spooky capacity,

637
00:41:44.599 --> 00:41:48.199
not in a history capacity. Yeah. So either way though,

638
00:41:48.239 --> 00:41:49.679
it's gonna be good. It's gonna be a good time,

639
00:41:49.760 --> 00:41:53.519
So come join us. Yeah. Yeah. Also, really quick, I

640
00:41:53.599 --> 00:41:56.079
wanted to mention I checked our reviews on Apple Podcasts

641
00:41:56.079 --> 00:41:59.719
and we have one more review from August from eaties

642
00:42:00.360 --> 00:42:02.320
who said You're something the best. Thank you very much,

643
00:42:02.360 --> 00:42:06.840
itdies for your five star rating and review. Oh my gosh,

644
00:42:07.519 --> 00:42:12.000
hearts hearts, thank you. And yeah, this brings us to

645
00:42:12.000 --> 00:42:14.000
the end of the episode and we hope this was

646
00:42:14.039 --> 00:42:20.960
one lass Estoria Unknown for you. Bye bye. Estoria Unknown

647
00:42:21.280 --> 00:42:24.719
is produced by Carmen and Christina, researched by Carmen and Christina,

648
00:42:24.920 --> 00:42:27.800
edited by Christina. You can find sources for every episode

649
00:42:27.800 --> 00:42:31.360
at Estoriasunknown dot com and in our show notes. Creating

650
00:42:31.400 --> 00:42:32.719
the podcast has a lot of work, so if you

651
00:42:32.719 --> 00:42:34.920
want to help us out financially, you can do so

652
00:42:34.960 --> 00:42:38.800
by supporting us on Patreon at Patreon dot com. Slash

653
00:42:38.880 --> 00:42:39.960
studio as an own podcast