Feb. 27, 2025
The Failed Expedition of Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba
Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba was the captain of an expedition that left Castilla del oro (Cuba) in 1517, with the intent of finding more indigenous people to enslave. But none of it went as planned.
Cristina tells Carmen about this failed...
Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba was the captain of an expedition that left Castilla del oro (Cuba) in 1517, with the intent of finding more indigenous people to enslave. But none of it went as planned.
Cristina tells Carmen about this failed expedition and the victory of the Maya, who drove the Spaniards out during their battle.
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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex
Sources:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_(Yucat%C3%A1n_conquistador)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba_expedition&wprov=rarw1
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelago
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_San_Antonio,_Cuba
https://web.archive.org/web/20060427121141/
http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/espanol/historia/colonia/detalle.cfm?idpag=4166&idsec=2&idsub=13
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WEBVTT
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Hi everyone. This is Carmen and Christina and this is
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Estoria's Unknown, a podcaster. We talk about Latin American history.
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Sometimes it's horrible and deals with tybe topics like racism, corruption,
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and genocide. But more than that, it's also about resistance,
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power and community. And today is about resistance and power.
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Woho and colonization. Okay, okay, I'm ready. Yeah. So when
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we learn about the colonization of the Americas, and I'm
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using that in quotations quote quote yeah, quote quote, it's
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always with the words of conquest and the conquistalles or
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the conquistadors. But as you know, not here, not in
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this house, in this podcast. Yes, today I'm telling you
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the story of one colonizer and has failed attempt at
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the colonization of Yucatan. Okay, I love a feled attempt,
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I know, I love a failure. I'm calling this Francisco Ernandez,
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failed colonizer. And yes, it's a behind the bastos, because
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any colonizer is automatically as a failed basto, a loser,
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if you will, loser. So there's not a lot of
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info out there on him specifically, so like really, really,
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it's not a behind the because that's like a deep
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dive into a person and the horrible things they did. Right,
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and this is like the only thing out there about
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him is that he was Spanish. He was a conquistello
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slash colonizer, and he put together this failed expedition and
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that's literally all really, So other than him being from
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Cordoba and the Luisa esp Espanya, that's really all there is. Ispana.
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He was part of a group of colonizers that colonized Cuba,
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and he was a rich enslaver in Cuba, which I
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think they had another name for it, but I was
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like whatever, I'm not calling it that, Like, the Spanish
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had another name for Guba. Yeah, originally it was called
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something else. You know how they had like long ass
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names for everything. Yeah, So that's what he was, a
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rich enslaver. And in fifteen sixteen, he, together with another
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two very rich enslavers, decided to put together an expedition
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known today as the Dnandez de Cordoba Expedition, the Failure
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of an expedition. So each of these three enslavers slash
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colonizers contributed one thy five hundred to two thousand castellanos
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for this voyage and it was supposed to go to
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the Lukeyan Archipelago. The hell is that this is a
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group of islands. Oh I say, I'm like, I know,
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it's like a place I think, but I didn't realize. Okay, Yeah,
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so it's made up of the Bahamas, Turks and Turks
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and Caicos and then the north of Cuba. It's that
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set of islands, Okay. And this expedition had one sole purpose,
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can you guess, to find go to capture and slave
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more people. I probably should have realized that. Let's pretend
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I knew that all along. I mean, it was gonna
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be one of two. You were half like I was
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gonna say, to find to find what mermaids the local
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population of the now colonized Cuba this and I think
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we all know this by now. But the indigenous people
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were enslaved first, and then you know, eventually they had
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to bring in Africans. And this is the start of
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the what is it called the North North Transatlantic transatlantic Yeah, yeah,
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slave trade where they trafficked people to enslave them, like
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the Spanish literally started it. And it was because they
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were killing off the indigenous population and they needed more
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people to enslave. So this was already happening. They had
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just been in Cuba for three years and the indigenous
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population they were dying in great numbers due to either
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the violence of the colonizers or their diseases. So they
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the Spanish, needed more people to enslave, and with the
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blessing of the crown, through Diego of Alaska's the Quayad,
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who also contributed a ship, they had approval, they had
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the permission to do this. He was the so they
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go of Alaska Zaquayad was the appointed first governor of
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Cuba and he led the first expedition that got them there.
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So that's who he is, and so he gave them
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permission to do more of this because he's like, well
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where we to hear and we need more enslaved people,
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so let's do it. So Francis Francis gordanaz Cordova was
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named the captain and by the time they were ready
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to go, they had a crew of sailors, soldiers, a
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chaplain of notary enslaved Cubans, three ships and provisions. The
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main pilots so you know, the person driving the ship
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if you will, what they call it pilot, and all
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those sorts of captain because the captain was Francisco and oh, okay,
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so I think he has the title of captain because
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he's in charge of the whole thing and then each person.
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And again, I know driving is the wrong word, but
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like sailing, they're sailing. Yeah. So the main pilot was
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Anton Almos and he had been on a voyage with
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another famous colonizer, Christopher Columbus. Yes, how did you know, Lucky? Yes? Okay, wow.
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And then the pilots of the other two ships were
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Juan Alvarez and Cacho Triana. That sounds like a fake name, right,
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And most of the crew had been Oh this is
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the name. So most of the crew had been in
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Castilla del Oro. This is what they're calling. Oh, they
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called Cuba Castillo de Oro. Yes, interesting, Castilla Delro Castilla.
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So most of the crew had been in Castilla de
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Loro for three years, and they were complaining that none
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of them had done anything worth telling. Okay, like what
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do they mean by that? Good? That means you're not
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working havoc. Yeah, And honestly, there's nothing more dangerous than
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a board colonizer, right, I'm thinking of It really came
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to like a board, ninety year old overseas in the military,
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who you know, Like, I don't know the same thing.
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Violence is bordering in there, yeah yeah, harboring, Yeah, harboring,
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that's the right word. So there is debate on the
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exact time of departure from Cuba. They're barely leaving, they
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haven't done anything yet, but they want a story worth telling, Okay,
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So there's debate on the exact time of the departure.
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Some sources say February fifteen, seventeen, others say February eighth,
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specifically of that year. But they left Havana and they
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went along the Cuban coast up to Gapez and Antone,
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and again I was like, what are these names? Because
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we can encounter this in the Spookitales episode that's going
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to come out where I was like, what's a gaye?
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So a gap? It is a coastal landform that is
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high then has a sheer drop that extends into a
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body of water that is characterized by high breaking waves
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and rocky shores. It turned out halfway. I don't know
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if that is God. So like there's like a steep
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clip cliff, yeah yeah, in shorts, Yes, intummation, yes, and
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so from this Gape san Antone, then they went out
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to sea, and now they're not in the coast of
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Cuba anymore. They're out in the elements. And so this
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is possibly the twentieth and or twenty first of furbigory.
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Now and this is where things get even murkier. Some
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people say they had a fixed and planned route that
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was just supposed to take them basically on the other
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side of like Cuba, the edges where they hadn't been yet,
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or like other nearby islands where they were looking for
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locals to enslave. Others say they didn't ever have like
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a planned route, but most likely that was their destination,
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not where they ended up. So then there was a
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storm that blew them off course. Others say it was
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in a storm but strong currents. Others say that the
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ship there was never a storm that steered them off course.
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They purposely went somewhere else, okay. So no stories, okay,
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conflicting stories. Point is they ended up somewhere else than
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where they intended to be, Yukatan, okay. So they were
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trying to get to the other side of Kuba and
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they ended up in Yukatan Yukatan. Yes, yeah, okay, and
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they were either either this was intentional or they were
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veered that way by a storm something happened. So then
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again things don't there's not there's different stories here, but
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they either all this is either taking place over a
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course of four days, six days, twenty one days, or
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even up to forty like wow, that many different accounts
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and none can be like verified for sure. Okay. But
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at some point early March, this expedition made it to
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the Yukatan Peninsula accidentally or intentionally, when that's how the
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story goes. And so again, like so many other things
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about this whole tail, it's also contested what their first
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stop was. Some sources say a place called Kape, others
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say Punta the Yukata or Punta muherrees, but most historians
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land that at the consensus that it's Kape where they landed.
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And so you know, they're not supposed to be here.
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They've been rerided from their original voyage, and so they
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spotted some land and docked because they needed to recollect themselves,
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gathered supplies and shit, right, so they land dock whatever
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their ships and so from their ships six miles in land,
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they can see a large town. And up to this
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point in the colonization of the Americas, they had not
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encountered a city this big, at least this group hadn't.
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So they were like, wow, what's that They named a
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great guitle That's not what it was, So it was
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already a place. Yeah, So they decided to go take
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a look at this quote unquote new discovery. And the
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most agreed upon dates of them meeting with the indigenous
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Maya of this region is March fourth, fifteen seventeen. So
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as they're thinking we should go check out that large city,
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it looks amazing, they're approached by indigenous Maya in these
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canoes called pirogus and so there's ten canoes of them
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and I think it's kau canoe. Oh thanks, And it's
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one of those words there's fucking you and there. How
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am I supposed to know that? I only know that
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because I think one time we were like looking at
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a canoe or kayak to use, and then we went
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to like Taho and then yeah, I'm pretty sure it's okay, Okay,
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Well they're approached by ten canoes. Okay, that sounds right. Yeah. Yeah,
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And this first encounter with the Maya on these canoes
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is peaceful. They exchanged green beads and gifts and stuff,
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and allegedly this is where the name Yukatan comes from.
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So the Spanish asked the Maya what is this land,
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and the Maya were answering, I don't understand you, and
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the Spanish heard yukatan and then like otan. Really they
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were most likely saying, our house is our homeland. Oh
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probably yeah. There's another book called the History of the
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Indians of New Spain written in fifteen forty one by
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Frey Couribio Benavente, and he wrote the following, because speaking
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with those engines of that coast, to that which the
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Spaniards asked, the Indians responded, tank tatan, which means I
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don't understand you. I don't understand you. The Christians corrupted
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the word and not understanding what the Indians meant, said
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Yukatan is the name of the land. And the same
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happened with the kape by the land they are, which
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they named Kape of Koto, and Koto in that language
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means house. There's yet another version. Again, so many different versions,
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because the Spanish they don't know what they're doing. They
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only know one thing, and that's violence. That's something to colonize. Yeah,
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Francisco Lopeze Gomara, he wrote that the Maya were saying yogatan,
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which means language, and so they weren't saying this is Yugatan.
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They were saying Yogatan, like do you speak Yogatan maybe,
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and so either way, the Spanish didn't know what the
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Maya were saying, and they were like, this is Yugatan
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and that's how things went down, and it's Yugatan today, right,
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And they were just going around they mean things whatever
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they wanted. Of course, the Spanish were allowed to go
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check out the city and they were amazed at what
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they were seeing. The pyramids, the temples, the golden ornaments
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that the people were wearing. These were all things that
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they had not seen before. And at this point of
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the journey they considered going back to Gouga to return
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with a stronger fleet to find gold because of the
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people who were wearing gold, then it's coming from somewhere.
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But instead curiosity got the best of them and they like,
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we're going to explore more in hope to finding more
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gold themselves instead of coming back with more people. So
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from here this peaceful encounter they had with the people here.
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They went back to their ships and they headed south.
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Instead of like re routing back to where they were
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supposed to originally go, they were like, let's keep exploring
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this area. So they headed south and again, so many
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contradicting stories, but there's another account of what actually happened
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here in this first encounter with them. So others say,
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some say, what I just said, that's what happened. It
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was a peaceful encounter. The Spanish returned and then they
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headed south. Others say that there was a battle, and
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so this first encounter or the second, okay, the first, yeah.
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So this account states that the first ten pirogus or
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canoes that went to meet the Spanish promised to return
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the next day with more things to give to the Spanish,
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and they did. But when they returned, the shore was
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full of natives and it was an ambush, and the
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Spanish were attacked with slings, stones, arrows, and pikes, and
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they were outnumbered. So they ran back to the ship,
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but they did manage to capitre two men who received
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the names Huali Nigo and Melcho Reco, who would then
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become their first interpreters and so like they did have
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these two interpreters with them, But the peaceful version of
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the story claims that Julia Nigo and Melcho Reco were
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part of the ten canoes that approached them first and
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just like begged them to take them to work with them. Mmm.
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I feel like the truth is somewhere in the middle,
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but also I believe that account less same same, but
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they did have these two interpreters with them, So yeah,
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and then you know, they go back to the ships
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and so from this point they're moving only by day
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because anton de Alaminos, the main captain or the main pilot,
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it believe you got that was an island and that
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