Sept. 11, 2025
The Beacon Hill School Occupation
On October 11, 1972, Chicano activists led by Roberto Maestas (1938-2010) occupy the abandoned Beacon Hill School. In this episode, Cristina tells Carmen about this historic protest.
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Sources
https://www.seattlemet.com/news-and-city-life/2022/03/el-centro-de-la-raza-beacon-hill-occupied-protest-seattle
https://www.nps.gov/places/beacon-hill-school-el-centro-de-la-raza.htm
https://historylink.org/File/2588
https://mohai.org/collections-and-research/search/item/2002.46/-.272%23.24/?searchQuery=Civil+Rights&Music&Anderson&modules%5B0%5D=item&pageNum=20
https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/maestas.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Centro_de_la_Raza
https://www.elcentrodelaraza.org/aboutus/history-evolution/
https://www.elcentrodelaraza.org/aboutus/roberto-felipe-maestas/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Maestas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(Seattle)
https://frontporch.seattle.gov/2021/09/21/latinx-heritage-month-roberto-maestas/
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WEBVTT
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Hi, everyone. This is Carmen and Christina and this is
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Estoria's Unknown, a podcaster where we talk about Latin American history.
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Sometimes it's horrible and deals with heavy topics like criticism, corruption,
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and genocide. But more than that, it's also bout resistance,
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power and community. Christina, Carmen, what are we talking about today? Well, Carmen,
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we live an occupation story, like a building physically being occupied. Oh,
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that's what we're doing today. I thought. I was like, oh,
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in the sense that Hawaii and Puerto Rico are being
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occupied by the nice thing, we don't. We do not
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like that type of occupation. We actually hate that, but
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we love when people take over a building. That's what
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I meant by occupying. No, no, we do. Yeah, yeah,
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we really do. And that's what brought me to today's topic.
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But first, let me tell you what actually brought me
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to today's topic. I wasn't seeking an occupation story. It just
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became one. So I was walking around Beacon Hill here
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in Seattle. I'm exploring the city. You know, Okay, I
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am now, I'm a coastal elite, you know, No, no
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one of those yes, I am no. Moving on. I
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was walking around Beacon Hill and I saw this super
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cool emilianos Abata painting which I posted on the Espookit
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does Instagram, I need to post it on the estodias,
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a known Instagram, And I saw other very like Latino
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Latina things, and I was like, what's going on here?
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This sounds like a like it's a very Latino area,
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and it is. And when I was looking up Beacon
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Hill things as we were driving from the Filipino place
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we ate at to the bookstore, I was looking up
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Beacon Hill and then I came across the nineteen seventy
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two occupation of Beacon Hill School in Seattle. Okay, So yeah,
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in the year of the occupation taking place, the Beacon
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Hill School was just in a bad building and it
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had been built back in nineteen oh three because Seattle
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had been growing, particularly the Beacon Hill area, and the
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building had been slated to be an eight room school
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that would cost twenty thousand dollars to build. And over
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the next decades the student population was growing, but that
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peaked in the mid nineteen sixties. The period that followed
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the late nineteen sixties saw the decrease of student enrollment
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in Seattle Public schools, which continued into the nineteen eighties,
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causing schools to be closed. Side note, but there is
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a decrease in enrollment right now. I was just gonna
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mention that it's only in Santle. Almost everywhere there's a
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decrease in enrollments. Yeah. Yeah, I'm sure that this whole
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Department of Education thing going on right now federally is
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not helping either. Oh yeah, not that dumb wrestling bitch
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is in charge of the Department of Education. Yeah, McMahon,
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and have the right last name. That's right, McMahon. Yeah,
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came back to me. I'm okay, whatever, who cares nice,
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she's a bitch. Yes, that's the point of that. Yeah. So,
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but back then, the reasons for the decrease of student
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enrollment was like they due to two reasons, the end
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of the baby boom era, which was a problem nationwide
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with the decrease of enrollment not just Seattle, but specifically
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also the growing number of families leaving urban areas for
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suburban areas. Do you remember the other name for this,
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not the burbs, It rhymes the White flight. Yes, I
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was thinking the Great Escape, and I knew that was wrong,
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But then it came to me afterwards. But you know what,
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they could be the same thing. Gwen Stefani writing The
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Great Escape. I don't know if you wrote it, but
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I don't know either. Yeah, did I say? I thought,
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I said, Gwen Stefani writing the White Flight, and I
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was like, no, that it was a way to say, yeah, anyway, yes,
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the White Flight. And so by then the my graphics
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of this Seattle neighborhood had been changing. The I five
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was constructed in nineteen sixty seven, which caused this major change.
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I don't know if you it's I think it's. This
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story of I five being constructed is the same in
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a lot of places where it went through like black
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and brown neighborhoods and then isolated them and then polluted them. Anyway,
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So yeah, the construction of the I five in Seattle
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in nineteen sixty seven changed this area completely. It cut
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off Beacon Hill from the rest of the city, and
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then middle and upper class residents began to leave for
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the surrounding suburbs, and people of color began to move
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into the area and even greater numbers. It was already
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a very diverse part of Seattle, but then it grew
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in those diverse numbers, those beautiful diverse numbers. I know
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this is going to sound dumb, but when I think
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of Seattle, I don't think the diverse at all. Oh yeah, no,
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that's a very common It's the whitest city. It's one
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of the whitest cities. This is llianed Okay, I'm not
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surprised to hear that. But then yeah, that's why it
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doesn't clock to me. I hate how that's an part
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of our the siconga I love saying it. So yeah,
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it doesn't clock to me that Seattle being one of
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the whitest city that there's a diverse side. But of course,
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I mean where everywhere as diverse people. Yeah, there's pockets
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of diversity that Beacon Hill being one of them, Central District,
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and then this area so South Seattle basically, and then
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there's like cities that are very close that are also
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very very diverse, like Beeran, where that pizza place is
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that I am obsessed with, that's where a lot of
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the Latino population is at. And then also White Center.
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But I mean, even before moving to Washington, I did
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not think it was a very I thought it was
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only white people, but of course not first there's always
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indigenous people. This was course indigenous land first and foremost. Yes,
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but no, there are there has been Black Chinese, like
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Asian Filippine course of course activism like of course we're everywhere,
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and so yeah, there's pots of diverse areas, Beacon Hill
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being one of them, one of the most diverse in Seattle.
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And as you and our listeners know, the sixties and
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seventies were it was a time of movements in the US. Yeah,
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I think we just said literally that sentence last. We
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were in the same timeframe, aren't we. Yeah we are,
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Oh my god, wow. And yeah, like the fight for
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black civil rights is in full throttle, the fight of
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all the pressed groups really in this country grew at
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the same time, like really off the back of the
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civil rights movement, including the Chicano movement. And we've talked
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about different instances during the Chicano movement involving California, Texas,
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even Denver. We talked about our high school walkout in
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Denver some episode like episodes ago. But Washington, there was
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a movement here too, of course, but again they just
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don't come to mind. But the Latina community was growing
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in this area primarily because of the VASSETO program is
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why it started growing. During the rest of the program,
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mostly Mexicans went to places like Yakima and eastern Washington.
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And then from there people keep moving. People keep it moving,
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that's what we do. And so from there they left
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for the big city to Seattle looking for work. And
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that's how most of them ended up in Seattle. And
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one of those many Mexicans who moved from the Yakama
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Spokane areas of Washington was named Roberto Maestas, who would
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go on to leave the occupation of Beacon Hill School
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in nineteen seventy two. Okay slain and Roberto Maestas was
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born July ninth, nineteen thirty eight, in the small rural
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farming community of Getting ready for this name of San
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Agustine del Vage, the Nuestra Senora de Lures. This is
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like hardly a town. It's a village really, it's so
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small and it's a border town in New Mexico. His
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mother died of tuberculosis when he was six months old,
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and his maternal grandparents, don Isidro and Donia Emilia Hil
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raised him and his sixteen siblings. Listeners, I just fell
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out my seat. She did, I saw her. She's getting
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back up right now. It's trugling. And his passion for
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social justice had been instilled in him from pretty much birth.
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He and his family were pushed off their land in
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New Mexico, and he always described his time working in
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the fields as quote having been treated like slaves. Like
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so many before and after him, He went from where
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he was and then just made his way north following
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the work in the fields. So he left his New
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Mexico home at thirteen thirteen or fourteen, I saw both
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ages after being kicked out of his school in New
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Mexico for speaking Spanish. Bullshit, that's already another radicalizing event
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in his life on top of that, and so he
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headed to the beat for in Colorado, then the lettuce
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fields in California, then potato and hop in Idaho and Yakima.
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And in Yakima he was like, oh, I want to
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see the edge of the ocean. That was like his
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dreams seeing the edge of the ocean. And he hit
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shiked his way from Yakima to Seattle in the nineteen fifties.
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That's two and a half, no almost three hours, and
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once he was in Seattle, he decided to finish his education,
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so he was working and attending the Cleveland High School.
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And he worked several different jobs until he graduated. He
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was a gas station attendant and elevator operator at the
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Smith Tower, a factory worker in Boeing. Then he enrolled
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After graduating in high school, he enrolled in the University
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of Washington and graduated with the bachelors in Spanish and
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journalism in nineteen sixty six, and he was one of
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the first Chicago graduates of the University of Washington. Noise, Yeah,
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like top ten in the top ten graduate, Like first
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ten to graduate from this university. And then he went
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back for a master's in Romance Languages in Literature in
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nineteen seventy one, and then it was one of the
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first Chicanos to receive a master's degree in the university
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as well. Damn or to earn, I should say, not
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receive earn, just out here making history trail based. Oops,
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trail blazing. Yeah, my bad, I don't have a degree.
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So and he began to teach Spanish at Franklin High
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School in the city, where he was further radicalized. On
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March twenty ninth, nineteen sixty nine, he unintentionally joined what
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would be his first school occupation on accident. Really, black
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students were outraged at the unfair treatment they were receiving
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from school administrators, and one hundred of them marched into
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the principal school and refused to leave until they were
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listened to. Okay, yeah. As the city in was taking
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other teachers were fleeing, like screaming out of the building
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because they were scared because of the sit in. Oh
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it's so scary. Which people sitting down? Stupid? Mm hmm. Yeah,
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Oh no, the black students are sitting down. I'm so scared, insane. Oh,
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there's being so aggressive just sitting there. Yeah, cannot And Roberto,
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on the other hand, was just standing there in the hallway,
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like what's going on? Why is everyone running away? And
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that's when Larry Gossip, one of the black student union
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leaders of the University of Washington, came out and spoke
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to Roberto, and Roberto told him that he was quote
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interested in why all my black students are so upset?
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I want to learn what the issues are and a
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quote okay, And he joined the protesters inside the principal's office,
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sat with them and just listened and wow. Yeah. The
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sit in lasted basically that day until the next morning
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it was and then the next morning it was over.
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And from the moment that the sitting was over, Roberto
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announced that he would no longer tolerate being called Bob
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or Robert Good. Yes, he told other teachers he would
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only go by Roberto. But when he said this, he
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was like, you will call me Roberto. He was bowling
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the ours on purpose, and yeah, he was like he
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learned that from the black students, and he was like, no,
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I'm not going to conform to whiteness just because it's
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easier for them. M M. In nineteen seventy two, he
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was teaching ESL at styles Piano Community College and was
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regularly participated in activist movements. He became part of what
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became known as the Gang of Four. The Gang of
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Four was made up of himself, Larry Gossi who I
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just mentioned, Bernie Whitebear, and Bob Santos. They would all
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be known for their racial justice activism and then they
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were called the Gang of four because of how much
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they work together in all these movements, Like this was real. Yes,
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I was like, what, that's the worst solidarity? Yes, And
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by this point, Chicano students in Washing all of Washington
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really had already been expressing their concerns of the failure
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of the educational system to cope with cultural differences and
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the problems of the bilingual child. This is already like
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on the top of their concerns. On top of that,
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the ESL program at the college was suddenly cut due
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to federal budget cuts. But this wasn't going to stop Roberto.
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He and his group began to look for alternative locations
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to house their ESL program, but it wasn't going well.
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It seemed like the city was giving them the run around,
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and it was getting old to them. And they had
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already been eyeing the abandoned Beacon Hill School. And after
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a while of looking and trying to find a different
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place for their ESL program, and having trying to inquire
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about the Beacon Hill School, they were like, they're not like,
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the city's not at they're not all listening to us.
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We have no choice but to occupy the building to
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get things rolling. And so they began to organize, and
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the main like mastermind behind the occupation was Roberto. And
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so they began to organize this occupation and on October eleventh,
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nineteen seventy two, they had a meeting with a district
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facilities manager from the school district, and this meeting was
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supposed to be an inspection to see if the school
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