Dec. 19, 2024
Monsanto, Mexico and Leydy Pech
Monsanto started as a chemical company founded 1901. Later, the company became a major producer of genetically engineered crops.
In part three, Cristina talks about how Monsanto affected towns surrounded by agricultural fields in Autlan, Jalisco, as...
Monsanto started as a chemical company founded 1901. Later, the company became a major producer of genetically engineered crops.
In part three, Cristina talks about how Monsanto affected towns surrounded by agricultural fields in Autlan, Jalisco, as well as Leydy Pech. The Mayan beekeeper who fought and won against the giant corporation.
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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex
Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leydy_Pech#cite_note-Rodr%C3%ADguez_2020-1
https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2014/07/140729_mexico_monsanto_mayas_miel_soya_transgenicos_jcps
https://www.animalpolitico.com/2020/11/mexico-esto-sucede-cuando-se-tumba-selva-territorio-maya
https://lab.org.uk/leydy-pech-the-mayan-beekeeper-who-took-on-a-corporate-giant/
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/unlikely-feud-beekeepers-mennonites-simmers-mexico?loggedin=true&rnd=1734382875206
https://non-gmoreport.com/articles/mayan-beekeeper-who-fought-monsanto-gmo-plantings-in-mexico-wins-goldman-environmental-prize/
https://www.loe.org/shows/segments.html?programID=21-P13-00003&segmentID=5
https://www.thenation.com/article/world/corn-us-mexico-tortilla-war-gmo-glyphosate/
https://thefern.org/2022/12/the-deep-roots-of-mexicos-trade-dispute-with-u-s-over-gmo-corn/
https://www.vice.com/en/article/mexico-rejected-appeals-for-gmo-corn-bayer-monsanto/
WEBVTT
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Hi everyone. This is Herman and Christina and this is
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Estonia's Unknown, a podcast where we talk about Latin American history.
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Sometimes it's horrible and deals with tabby topics like racism, corruption,
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and genocide, but more than that, it's also about resistance,
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power and community. And yeah, this is part three of Monsanto.
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Today we're talking about Monsanto and Mexico and Lady Pitch,
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sorry not pick Pitch. Oh. I feel like keep is
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saying back this whole time, so maybe I did betch
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Now though after I found some videos of people saying
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her name. Oh okay, I'm excited. Yeah, and yeah, we'll
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just jump right into it. It's more of the same
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horrible things, so yeah, keep in mind, but also like
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uplifting things the same okay, you know, yeah, literally what
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are like tagline is that's what is going on here?
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Oh okay. Yeah. So in the last couple of episodes
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we discussed Monsanto, their history, how much they suck, how
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horrible they are, then you know, their involvement in Argentina,
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and today we're focusing on Mexico and this historic win
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for the Maya indigenous against Monsanto and the women behind
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it all. Baby Petch so when it comes to Monsanto,
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like other countries in Latin America, the numbers of like
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the things they've done and how much they've affected the
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country is similar to other Like it's similar in Mexico.
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I mean, Monsanto controls seventy percent of the seed market
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in Mexico, which is a lot. Yeah, and this affects
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so much so the food and nutrition that is eaten
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the animals that are eating those same seeds. One study
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found that one hundred percent of children in outland Jalisco,
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which is like one hundred and fifty kilometers, Yeah, one
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hundred of the kilometers south of Guadalajara is where is.
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The study found that one hundred percent of the children
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there were found to have glyphosates in their urine. Oh wow. Again,
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glyphasay is what the main ingredient in roundup is. Oh wow,
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along with eleven other type of pesticides or like toxins.
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Not good. Yeah. Mothers started noticing that their kids were
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all complaining of very similar symptoms headaches, blurry vision, red eyes, nausea,
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and vomiting. And finally, after like so many complaints, investigators
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from the University of Gualahara decided to analyze the urine
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of the kids in Atlan. And so they analyzed one
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hundred and forty six kids in this town and that's
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when they found all this, like that they had this
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much glyphasay and toxins in their urine. So you know, obviously,
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because it's found in their urine, it's like in them,
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in their body and it's making sick. Yeah. And they
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specifically analyzed Elementiero, which is like a farming area in Outland,
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but like this, Elementeero is surrounded by fields, just like
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a Hintina where the town was surrounded by the fields.
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The school was surrounded by the fields. When kids arrived
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to school, the fields were being infumigated with roundup and
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they were also being informigated during lunch. Wow, what the hell?
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And although this study was only done on Elementiero, researchers
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were like, it's probably the same and all these other
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places surrounded by fields. Yeah. The video I watch was
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from twenty twenty and the issue had yet to be resolved.
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I can't find any new information that's pretty recent, too recent. Yeah,
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And the video ended on like an important question how
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many Autulanis are in Mexico, meaning how many other cities
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that we haven't like studied across not just highly school
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but all of Mexico are in the same situation. And yeah,
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I mean valid, very valid for Mexico. It goes back
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to the year two thousand and then, like the whole
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situation worsened in two thousand and nine. Monsanto started growing
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experimental plants of genetically modified soybeans in two thousand and
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then in two thousand and nine there was changes in
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Mexican laws which allowed Monzanto to conduct trials of the
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genetically modified corn in approved regions in Mexico. And so
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those experimental plots they had earlier became like official like
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spots where they were going to do this, where the
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soybeans were going to become round up ready soybeans. So
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this is a huge or was a huge threat to
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Mexico super diverse and unique corn industry. Like the corn
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is just so first like Mexico, and it goes back
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to like you know, pre colonization, but like corn is essential,
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like literally the myth of the creation of man, of people,
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of humans is that we came we were formed from
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a corn, like from maize, So is it called maize.
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It's my e's maize m a z Yeah. Myece in
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Spanish is English. Yeah, in English, it's maze really m
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a I z e Oh Okay, okay, okay, I think
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I don't know. I just thought it was called something else,
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but it doesn't matter. Yeah, anyway, moving on, so sorry.
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Southern and Central Mexico have like long been known as
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the home the home of like the diverse corn. Like
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every year indigenous committees select their best seats to plant
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in the next crop cycle. There's like, like corn just
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looks so different. There's like just a lot of different
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types of corn. Yeah. I just feel like the corn
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kid from TikTok right now, just saying corn and corn.
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But corn is life, like literally, corn is life. So
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they had this process, but then they also have the
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free exchange of seeds with other farmers, which produces the
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very complex diversity of corn. And Manzanto ruins all that
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they're ruined about diversity. Yeah, Monzanto crops would contaminate the
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native corn crops, pollute the environment, destroy biodiversity, poison people,
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and then privatize corn production as well, just like it
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does everywhere. This all worsened in twenty twelve when the
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Mexican government granted Manzanto permits to plant genetically modified modified
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soybeans in seven different states, including Campeche. This led to
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a coalition of activists who called themselves sin mais no
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I payis and their right. I love that the name
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of it. I love our rhyming coalition. Yeah yeah, and
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their goal is to protect and defend the traditional corn
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economy and culture in Mexico. Them as well as the
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the Manda Collectiva and Defensa the mais uh Natinko, so
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the collective lawsuit in defensive native corn. They got together
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and they petitioned the Mexican government to stop the use
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of genetically modified corn because the Mexican constitution in there
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is the right to a clean environment is like a
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guarantee and really in their constitution. Yeah yeah wow, but
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we know, like we know that's not being yeah, always met.
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But in this case they petitioned the court using that
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guarantee and there was a years years long core battle
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that started with you know, their lawsuits, and in twenty
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twenty one, Lopez o Rador announced that by twenty twenty four,
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the cultivation and importation of genetically modified corn would be
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banned in Mexico. Oh interesting, mm hmm, as well as
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banning the use of glifas four. Yeah, that did get
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extended for a little bit, but it's still happening, so
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like they didn't follow it. Oh no, they extended like
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that when it would happen by but yeah, yeah, like
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it's gonna yeah, they're gonna follow it, okay, which I
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mean the fact that something like this yeah was past
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is huge. Yeah, the US not happy about it. Neither
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is Monzonta course, but fuck y'all. Yeah, they Monzanto countersuit
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stating that Mexico had to abide by NAFTA agreements. Oh
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fuck NAFTA too, yeah, which largely has affected Mexico in
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the most negative of ways. Yeah. Yeah, maybe we'll do
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an episode on that one. But it's so huge, like
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it is, no, it is dunting. Yeah, yeah, that's the
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word I'm looking for. Yeah, but they dropped that lawsuit.
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It was like too much, they dropped it. Yeah good,
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So yeah, huge win for Mexico against Monsanto. Another group
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also fighting Monsanto in Mexico were the Mayan beekeepers. When
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the government granted those permits to Monsanto that I mentioned
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earlier a little bit ago, it became very obvious to them,
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the beekeepers, that the crops, Monsanto crops were contaminating local
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honey and killing the bees. On top of that, ninety
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four thousand acres of forest land, indigenous forestland, were destroyed
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for the fields for Monsanto. Oh my god, I hate this,
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I hate like, why do we have to Why does
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like nature and all these like, you know, why does
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it have to be destroyed for money? Again? Money capitalism
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always growth and growth and growth, because that's what capitalism
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is until it goes us all, lady, for real, and
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then we can't escape. Yep. And this is an extremely
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high disfirst deforestation rate, most of which I mean you
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said ninety four percent, right, yeah, no, ninety four thousand acres.
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Oh okay, Oh my god, yeah, imagine that's like it's
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so lot, yeah, yeah, no it is. Yeah. Also most
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of that deforestation illegal of course. Yeah. And so all
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this going on, Lady Beech created a coalition of environmentalists,
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beekeepers and activists called sin trancencios or without GMOs in English. Okay,
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and so more on her, lady Aracelli pech Marie, Okay,
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love it, okay, okay. At Acelli. I know that's her
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mom's name, So we love it, ad Aselli, we do so.
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Lady Araselli pach Marine was born in nineteen sixty five
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in Opelchen, Campeche. She is part of the each Ex
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Mayaca community and she learned the art of honey honey
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beekeeping or sorry begeping from her grandfather, who learned it
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from his father, and so on and on. Just like
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love a tradition, yes, generations and practice of cultivating the
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melipona beacha or the shunan cab, the honey lady be
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Oh that's yeah, different names for it. This bee doesn't
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sting and is key to pollinating the rainforest and it
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is now an endangered species because of all of Monsanto's
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bullshit and this forestation. So for over three thousand years,
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the Maya have been beekeeping the honey lady be How
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long three thousand years? Wow? Yeah. Indigenous yukateg and Chol
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Maya like groups still in the Yucatan region today. They're
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still be keeping these communal lands using modified traditional techniques.
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A little bit more more on this beki being because
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it was fascinating to me. The bees are kept in
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hollow tree sections called hobon and with the two ends
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closed by a stone or ceramic plug, and then there's
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a central hole where the bees enter, so that's like
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the bee nester whatever. The hobon are stored in a
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horizontal position, and then the honey and the wax is
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retrieved a couple times a year by removing the n plugs,
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the plugs at the bottom called banuchos. The average length
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of the modern hobon is between five hundred sorry fifty
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to sixty centimeters or twenty to twenty four inches long,
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and there's a diameter of thirty centimeters and the hole
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for the b entryway is usually lessen half an inch
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in diameter. That's where the pods enter. At the Maya
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site of Nakoum, they found a hobon that dated back
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to three hundred BCE. Wow, that's how long these practices
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have been going on. Amazing, like literally sacred. Yeah, the
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hobone at that site that was found was a lot
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smaller than the modern ones that they're using, but still
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the practice is still like very very similar, just you know,
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modernized obviously. And the labor associated with beekeeping is things
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like keeping the hives away from animals, like armadillos and
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raccoons and then just trying to protect them when the
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weather is like terrible, They stack the hives in an
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A shaped frame and then build this thing called the
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palapa that covers the beehives. So just fascinating to me. Yeah,
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very Even with all the deforestation, Mexico is still one
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of the biggest largest honey producers in the world I
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think like fifth or six like when it comes to
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honey producing, wow. Yeah. And eighty percent of the honey
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eighty percent of those beehives are kept by indigenous communities. Amazing. Yeah,
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and through that, you know, they're still like restorting and
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saving their cultural practices like again three thousand years like yeah,
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absolutely fascinating, amazing sacred, like I just I am in awe. Yeah.
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And obviously also but like this is their livelihood, right,
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and so of course they began to notice when the
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bees started dying in mass numbers. Yeah, the indigenous beekeepers
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blamed Monsanto for the deaths of more than three hundred
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thousand bees. Wow. That's an insane amount. Yea. The loss,
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the economic loss of that was twelve million vessels. Wow.
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And beekeeping is a livelihood of twenty five thousand or
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twenty five hundred two five zero zero zero. I think
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that's twenty five thousand. It's feel right, yeah, okay, pretending
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we said that right, Bicki bean is a livelihood of
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twenty five thousand families in these indigenous communities. It's quite
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a bit. That's why they're making eighty percent of the honey. Yeah.
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And so Lady Pech saw all this and she would
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not stand for it. So this is from an interview
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that I found. But she said the first things I
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began to observe were the death of the bees at
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a massive rate. Why because contrary to what we were
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being told, bees do pollinate soy, which is the Monzanto product. Here, glyphyssate,
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a nerbicide used to control pest, is applied to the
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soyfields at a massive rate. Glyphysite has been categorized as
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a possible carcinogen by the World Test Organization and an
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actual carcinogen by other organizations, and glyphysa is still being
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applied to crops on our land. There are also other
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dangerous pesticides which affect such as this very long thing
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I can pronounce, but it's very dangerous for us decide though. Yeah, yeah,
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these pesticides changed the behavior of bees of my bees.
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Ess what she said. As my bees began to leave
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their hives in search of nectar, they became disoriented, got lost,
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and stopped coming back. Wow. The bees started producing less
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honey because of the disforestation. For soy bees depend on
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these plants in the forest to produce honey. Less forest
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means less honey, which means less money for families who
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keep bees. The killing of our bees has led to
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more poverty in our communities. And yeah, these things like
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it affects everything. Yeah, and these corporations don't. They don't care.
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Less money to corporations, more money to indigenous community and
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family owned not all families. But yeah, you know what
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I mean, you know what I'm saying. I know, I
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