WEBVTT
1
00:00:11.759 --> 00:00:15.199
Hi, everyone. This is Carmen and Christina and this is
2
00:00:15.240 --> 00:00:18.760
Historia's Unknown, a podcast where we talk about Latin American history.
3
00:00:18.839 --> 00:00:22.480
Sometimes it's horrible and deals with heavy topics like racism, corruption,
4
00:00:22.640 --> 00:00:25.519
and genocide. But more than that, it's also about resistance,
5
00:00:25.559 --> 00:00:31.039
power and community. And this is more horrible things. Oh no,
6
00:00:31.800 --> 00:00:36.560
we're continuing the journey of Monsanto. Last episode we did
7
00:00:36.560 --> 00:00:41.719
a brief overview into what Monsanto is, their history, history
8
00:00:41.759 --> 00:00:44.320
of the evil things they've done, only some of the
9
00:00:44.359 --> 00:00:49.600
things they've done, not all, of course, And this was
10
00:00:49.640 --> 00:00:53.520
going to be Monsanto and Latin America, but it's become
11
00:00:53.600 --> 00:01:00.000
more like Monsanto and Argentina. Interesting. Yeah, sometimes you start
12
00:01:00.079 --> 00:01:03.920
researching one thing and then you just kind of, yeah,
13
00:01:04.079 --> 00:01:07.280
you gotta narrow it down it. Remember in middle school
14
00:01:07.280 --> 00:01:09.640
when you were learning how to write essays, and they're like,
15
00:01:09.680 --> 00:01:11.599
you start at the top and then you would make
16
00:01:11.640 --> 00:01:16.040
like a funnel, narrow and narrow. Yeah. Yeah, Yeah, that's
17
00:01:16.079 --> 00:01:20.000
basically what happened today. We're just going to get right
18
00:01:20.000 --> 00:01:23.280
into it. Let's do it. In the last episode, I
19
00:01:23.319 --> 00:01:26.879
briefly mentioned round Up very briefly, and that's going to
20
00:01:26.920 --> 00:01:29.840
be a key player in today's episode because that was
21
00:01:29.920 --> 00:01:35.400
like a key thing and the mass destruction of oh America. Yeah,
22
00:01:35.640 --> 00:01:39.120
just like you know, the destroying the land and yeah,
23
00:01:39.200 --> 00:01:43.480
making people sick. So a little bit more about roundup.
24
00:01:43.799 --> 00:01:45.799
Round Up is the brand name of an herb side
25
00:01:45.840 --> 00:01:48.959
produced by Manzanto, which we said last episode, and then
26
00:01:49.000 --> 00:01:51.400
Mansanto was acquired by Bear in twenty eighteen, so now
27
00:01:51.400 --> 00:01:54.439
it's a product of Bear. Before twenty ten, it was
28
00:01:54.439 --> 00:01:59.040
mostly made up of glyphosate, and they panted this back
29
00:01:59.079 --> 00:02:01.840
in nineteen seventy. Some sources said ninety seventy three, other
30
00:02:01.879 --> 00:02:05.120
said nineteen seventy four, nineteen seventies. This is also when
31
00:02:05.120 --> 00:02:08.199
they began to mass produce it. And now the main
32
00:02:08.319 --> 00:02:12.840
ingredients are hard things to say. The basically a salt
33
00:02:13.199 --> 00:02:16.520
that is made of glaphosa, and then this other thing
34
00:02:16.719 --> 00:02:19.479
that I'm not going to try and pronounce. Okay, poea
35
00:02:19.680 --> 00:02:24.479
is what it the abbreviation of it, but maybe I
36
00:02:24.479 --> 00:02:29.319
should try no, no again, poly ethos dilated tallow a
37
00:02:29.439 --> 00:02:33.400
mean wow, whatever it was, it was amazing the when
38
00:02:33.439 --> 00:02:39.360
you said that, right. The patent expired in two thousand
39
00:02:39.479 --> 00:02:43.280
and since then it's been sold. A version of round
40
00:02:43.400 --> 00:02:46.360
Up has been sold by many companies. In hundreds of
41
00:02:46.439 --> 00:02:52.560
products or sorry, the glafosa itself also Monsanto. Monsanto made
42
00:02:52.639 --> 00:02:55.439
roundup right, But then they also produce seeds that grow
43
00:02:55.479 --> 00:03:00.280
into plants that are tolerant to round up, called round
44
00:03:00.360 --> 00:03:07.039
up ready crops. This seed was patented, which is like
45
00:03:07.080 --> 00:03:09.759
the first time that like a seed I think is patented,
46
00:03:10.280 --> 00:03:13.759
a genetically interindeered seed. This is another controversy that we
47
00:03:13.840 --> 00:03:16.439
just simply don't have time to get into. But basically,
48
00:03:16.960 --> 00:03:21.639
these round up ready crops or seeds would be sold
49
00:03:21.639 --> 00:03:25.199
to farmers or given sometimes like in the cases of
50
00:03:25.240 --> 00:03:28.520
a natural disaster, they would get to say, oh, look
51
00:03:28.520 --> 00:03:31.800
at us helping these pores by giving them these seeds.
52
00:03:32.159 --> 00:03:35.439
But then the controversy is that the farmers weren't allowed
53
00:03:35.479 --> 00:03:38.439
to save the seeds to like use to plant later.
54
00:03:39.159 --> 00:03:41.520
So because this is how you like save money when
55
00:03:41.560 --> 00:03:44.199
you're farming, Like you plant your seeds, but then you'll like,
56
00:03:44.840 --> 00:03:48.000
I don't know, save whatever and replant it, right, Yeah,
57
00:03:48.400 --> 00:03:52.159
And so with Monsanto, there's a contract that is signed
58
00:03:52.159 --> 00:03:54.319
where they are not allowed to do this, making them
59
00:03:54.400 --> 00:03:58.319
have to repurchase these seeds every single crop season, yeah,
60
00:03:58.360 --> 00:04:00.759
which is like now there's no get out of the hole.
61
00:04:00.800 --> 00:04:05.680
With mozzano. There's no it makes them dependent on Montana. Yes, yes,
62
00:04:05.879 --> 00:04:08.319
and this is all intentional. Took all the restraint in
63
00:04:08.319 --> 00:04:09.919
the world to not cut you off and say this
64
00:04:10.240 --> 00:04:13.319
first I saw you, I saw you trying. Yeah, like
65
00:04:13.360 --> 00:04:17.839
the mean I saw your face. Yeah, so thank you
66
00:04:17.879 --> 00:04:21.120
for letting me finish that to say then repeat it
67
00:04:21.120 --> 00:04:23.720
in a more succinct manner. That's what we do, so
68
00:04:23.720 --> 00:04:27.560
what we do. So that's one controversy which we simply
69
00:04:27.560 --> 00:04:29.160
don't have time to get into. But it's like it's
70
00:04:29.160 --> 00:04:32.759
fucked up in places like Haiti. These places become like yeah,
71
00:04:32.839 --> 00:04:35.800
dependent on mazanto, like you already said. Anyway, the other
72
00:04:35.839 --> 00:04:38.519
problem now is that these round of bready crops are
73
00:04:38.920 --> 00:04:42.839
also now becoming resistant to round up itself, causing farmers
74
00:04:42.839 --> 00:04:46.120
to dump even more pesticides on them, which then is like,
75
00:04:46.199 --> 00:04:49.959
now these are like super weeds. Yeah, they're like using
76
00:04:50.079 --> 00:04:53.360
you know, quadruple the amount of pesticides. Other problem again,
77
00:04:53.399 --> 00:04:55.519
this is just like problem out their problem. That's the
78
00:04:55.560 --> 00:05:00.879
word problem man. Another problem is that the pesticides are
79
00:05:00.920 --> 00:05:06.000
being spread in larger amounts, and these are largely cantoristic pesticides.
80
00:05:06.360 --> 00:05:10.399
They're terrible, terrible, and they are so terrible for everything,
81
00:05:10.439 --> 00:05:14.800
the environment, everything, the people, everyone, everything. Yeah. A two
82
00:05:15.160 --> 00:05:19.800
seventeen study found that Americans exposure to glyphosate grew by
83
00:05:19.839 --> 00:05:23.360
about five hundred percent since roundup ready GMO crops were
84
00:05:23.360 --> 00:05:27.399
introduced in the US in nineteen ninety six. Glyphosate is
85
00:05:27.560 --> 00:05:32.000
most widely used as an agricultural chemical, so the pesticide,
86
00:05:32.120 --> 00:05:36.680
and a two sixteen study found that in the US,
87
00:05:36.720 --> 00:05:39.839
no pesticide has come remotely close to such intensive and
88
00:05:39.839 --> 00:05:43.560
widespread use, meaning Glaphyza is the most widely used right
89
00:05:44.160 --> 00:05:48.480
and so in the US glavays a use has risen
90
00:05:48.560 --> 00:05:52.920
over three thousand percent since rounder bready crops were introduced
91
00:05:53.040 --> 00:05:57.079
in the in nineteen ninety six. Most GMO crops in
92
00:05:57.120 --> 00:06:00.920
the US, including more than ninety percent of corn and soy,
93
00:06:01.560 --> 00:06:06.560
are generally engineered to tolerate glefasate, and one point eight
94
00:06:06.600 --> 00:06:10.040
million tons of clevas was used from nineteen seventy four
95
00:06:10.160 --> 00:06:14.040
two twenty fourteen, and this is the US alone. Worldwide,
96
00:06:14.160 --> 00:06:17.560
nine point five million tons of chemicals have been sprayed
97
00:06:17.560 --> 00:06:21.839
on fields, and this is enough to spray nearly half
98
00:06:21.839 --> 00:06:25.000
a pound of roundup on every cultivated acre in the world.
99
00:06:26.800 --> 00:06:31.079
A lot. Yeah. And like I said in part one,
100
00:06:32.319 --> 00:06:36.560
when Beyer bought out Monsanto, they were facing over eleven thousand,
101
00:06:36.639 --> 00:06:41.360
two hundred lawsuits over round up, claiming that roundup caused cancer.
102
00:06:41.959 --> 00:06:46.120
The first of all these lawsuits was Johnson versus Monsanto,
103
00:06:46.720 --> 00:06:50.199
and this is Dwayne Lee. Johnson is the plaintiff in
104
00:06:50.240 --> 00:06:54.199
this case. He sprayed hundreds of gallons of roundup during
105
00:06:54.240 --> 00:06:57.040
his time as the as the groundskeeper of an elementary
106
00:06:57.040 --> 00:07:01.040
school in Benetia, California. This happened at least once that
107
00:07:01.079 --> 00:07:03.279
he can recall, but it probably happened more than that
108
00:07:03.680 --> 00:07:06.439
on a specific day. What if his sprayers broke and
109
00:07:06.480 --> 00:07:10.120
he ended he ended up drenched in roundup? And he
110
00:07:10.199 --> 00:07:13.360
did wear like PPE he wore you know those like
111
00:07:13.759 --> 00:07:16.519
taiek suits. There are like these white suits that you
112
00:07:16.600 --> 00:07:21.920
put on over your clothes. The suits are not like plastic,
113
00:07:21.959 --> 00:07:25.399
They're kind of like they feel a little like felty,
114
00:07:25.560 --> 00:07:29.279
like I don't know really, Yeah, I've used them for work.
115
00:07:29.560 --> 00:07:31.920
Oh like, Oh, I've used during COVID. We had them
116
00:07:32.800 --> 00:07:36.720
when they finally decided to give us a PPE because
117
00:07:36.800 --> 00:07:39.399
at first it was only for the hospitals, even though
118
00:07:39.439 --> 00:07:42.519
we were a COVID testing site anyway, right right, right, right, right,
119
00:07:42.639 --> 00:07:46.000
right right, So, yeah, they're not plastic. If they get
120
00:07:46.240 --> 00:07:50.560
liquid on them, it does get soaked through. And so
121
00:07:50.839 --> 00:07:54.879
he ended up drenched in round up. Oh my god. Terrible.
122
00:07:55.319 --> 00:07:58.800
So after this happened, at the age of forty two,
123
00:07:58.839 --> 00:08:03.279
he was diagnosed with on Hodgkin lymphoma and he and
124
00:08:03.319 --> 00:08:04.959
it took him a while to get to this point,
125
00:08:04.959 --> 00:08:07.040
but he believes that it was caused by a round up.
126
00:08:07.160 --> 00:08:08.759
It got so bad that he was like, first it
127
00:08:08.759 --> 00:08:11.720
started as a small rash and then like basically parts
128
00:08:11.720 --> 00:08:13.560
of his skin like were falling off. It was like
129
00:08:13.680 --> 00:08:16.720
it was bad. Oh my god. He finally went to
130
00:08:16.759 --> 00:08:19.480
the doctor. The doctor. The doctors were like, were you
131
00:08:19.519 --> 00:08:22.720
ever around pesticides? And then he was like, oh my god,
132
00:08:22.959 --> 00:08:27.040
yes for a whole So then he was like, I'm
133
00:08:27.079 --> 00:08:29.680
gonna sue because he was never told the dangers of
134
00:08:29.759 --> 00:08:32.440
this chemical he was writing with like if he knew
135
00:08:32.559 --> 00:08:34.919
it had been warned, maybe he would be able to
136
00:08:34.919 --> 00:08:40.039
take more precautions. Yeah, Like maybe he would think about
137
00:08:40.240 --> 00:08:45.480
is his job right for me? Right exactly? Something? Yeah, yeah.
138
00:08:45.559 --> 00:08:48.559
And as a result of this trial, Bear was ordered
139
00:08:48.559 --> 00:08:51.519
to pay two hundred and eighty nine million in pernitive
140
00:08:51.600 --> 00:08:58.039
damages and composite compensitory damages. And then in twenty eighteen
141
00:08:58.080 --> 00:09:00.799
they appeal. After a bunch of appeal, it went down
142
00:09:00.879 --> 00:09:03.600
to seventy eight million dollars that they or no, no, no,
143
00:09:03.559 --> 00:09:06.039
twenty one million dollars that they were going to pay him.
144
00:09:06.279 --> 00:09:09.320
In twenty seventeen, he was given six months to live
145
00:09:09.679 --> 00:09:13.399
because of how bad his cancer was. Despite that, he
146
00:09:13.519 --> 00:09:17.440
attended a screen of a documentary called Into the Weeds
147
00:09:17.919 --> 00:09:21.720
in twenty twenty three. Into the Weeds is his story, basically,
148
00:09:21.759 --> 00:09:26.200
it's it's the story of his fight against Monsanto. You
149
00:09:26.279 --> 00:09:30.720
can find this documentary on Apple TV, Spectrum Voodoo, also
150
00:09:30.720 --> 00:09:33.559
apparently Amazon Video, Google pay and as a DVD you
151
00:09:33.559 --> 00:09:35.320
can buy it. But he had tendered a screening. It
152
00:09:35.360 --> 00:09:37.519
was a one time screening of the movie in theaters
153
00:09:37.559 --> 00:09:41.120
on October third, twenty twenty three. And I haven't been
154
00:09:41.240 --> 00:09:43.480
I didn't find that he passed away. I think he's
155
00:09:43.480 --> 00:09:48.679
still alive. Really, look at him fighting, fighting the good fight. Yeah.
156
00:09:49.360 --> 00:09:53.159
And Dwayne Lee Johnson's win against the corporation was huge,
157
00:09:53.320 --> 00:09:55.600
but it also confirmed something that a lot of people
158
00:09:56.360 --> 00:09:59.879
were already suspecting. Already knew that the chemicals being you
159
00:10:00.120 --> 00:10:04.639
use as pesticides were killing us too, as in everyone
160
00:10:04.679 --> 00:10:07.879
that was near them. And one country was very very
161
00:10:07.919 --> 00:10:11.159
much affected by this, and that is Argentina. And we
162
00:10:11.279 --> 00:10:13.960
did mention this briefly last episode when I started to
163
00:10:13.960 --> 00:10:16.200
go off on this like little side tangent about the
164
00:10:16.240 --> 00:10:20.399
movie when Evil Larns. Yeah. Yeah, because like we said,
165
00:10:20.399 --> 00:10:25.519
we love a whrror, a movie with a social political commentary. Yes,
166
00:10:25.840 --> 00:10:28.759
and that movie. After reading all this very much makes
167
00:10:28.759 --> 00:10:31.279
sense to me that it's about pesticides commentary on pesticide
168
00:10:31.360 --> 00:10:34.879
use in Argentina. But let's get into that. Since a
169
00:10:34.960 --> 00:10:38.679
round up ready soybeans were introduced to Argentina in nineteen
170
00:10:38.720 --> 00:10:42.320
ninety six, the crop took over the country. Almost all
171
00:10:42.360 --> 00:10:45.440
of the soy grown in Argentina is Monzanto round our
172
00:10:45.440 --> 00:10:50.840
breddy beans, and soy has taken over sixty percent of
173
00:10:51.159 --> 00:10:57.200
farmland in Argentina. Sixty yeah, sixty percent. Wow. And this
174
00:10:57.399 --> 00:11:01.159
is also the same in Brazil Uruguay bayde why Oh
175
00:11:01.240 --> 00:11:05.480
soy has become the main crop and all the soybeans
176
00:11:05.519 --> 00:11:09.840
are a round up brending soybeans. Between nineteen ninety six
177
00:11:09.879 --> 00:11:13.799
and twenty sixteen, the use of roundup in Argentina jumped
178
00:11:13.879 --> 00:11:17.840
from and numbers are coming, so I thought i'd warn you.
179
00:11:18.320 --> 00:11:22.759
The use of round up in Argentina jumped from nineteen
180
00:11:22.799 --> 00:11:26.559
point nine million liters to two hundred thirty seven point
181
00:11:26.679 --> 00:11:33.440
six million liters three hundred thirty something two hundred thirty
182
00:11:33.519 --> 00:11:38.000
seven two hundred thirty seven point six million. Wow. I
183
00:11:38.039 --> 00:11:40.240
still told me, and I still didn't get it right.
184
00:11:41.360 --> 00:11:45.360
I know that is in case you need it in
185
00:11:45.399 --> 00:11:52.120
another format. That is a one thousand eighty nine percent increase. Damn,
186
00:11:52.840 --> 00:11:56.720
Like that's insane. During that same time period, farmland for
187
00:11:56.799 --> 00:12:01.159
soybeans increased from fourteen point seven million eight to forty
188
00:12:01.240 --> 00:12:06.080
seven million acres, a two hundred and sixteen percent increase.
189
00:12:07.039 --> 00:12:11.159
Too much. Wow, And all those all you soy motherfreckers.
190
00:12:11.159 --> 00:12:21.679
This is the renon GM technologies, this monsanto like agricultural technologies.
191
00:12:22.360 --> 00:12:25.679
The use of all this have resulted in economic benefits
192
00:12:25.679 --> 00:12:30.279
for Argentina because now soybean is like a major commodity
193
00:12:30.320 --> 00:12:35.320
being exported out of the country. So this has resulted
194
00:12:35.399 --> 00:12:39.200
in like an estimated one point eight million job growth
195
00:12:39.840 --> 00:12:42.080
in Argentina. And it sounds like a good thing, but
196
00:12:42.240 --> 00:12:46.320
it came with severe consequences. It always does, and it's
197
00:12:46.360 --> 00:12:49.240
always the most vulnerable. So the severe the people who
198
00:12:49.320 --> 00:12:53.200
face these consequences was the rural farming areas of the country,
199
00:12:53.600 --> 00:12:58.120
especially the Gordoba region of Argentina. In these areas there
200
00:12:58.120 --> 00:13:03.279
has been an increase in birth defects and fertility, steel births, miscarriages,
201
00:13:03.759 --> 00:13:09.759
chronic respiratory illnesses, and cancer, and in fact, in these
202
00:13:10.320 --> 00:13:14.960
parts of the country, cancer deaths have more than doubled. Wow.
203
00:13:15.639 --> 00:13:18.720
But of course, if you ask Menzanto, they have deemed
204
00:13:18.759 --> 00:13:22.840
their pesticides safe to use or officially not likely to
205
00:13:22.879 --> 00:13:29.200
be carcinogenic to humans. Way please, wow. And the EPA
206
00:13:29.360 --> 00:13:31.879
has gone back and forth on this a few times.
207
00:13:31.919 --> 00:13:37.399
So in nineteen eighty six, glacosate was initially classified as
208
00:13:37.440 --> 00:13:41.879
Group C, so this is a possible human carcinogen. Later
209
00:13:42.279 --> 00:13:45.759
it was moved down to Group D, not classifiable as
210
00:13:45.919 --> 00:13:50.840
a human carcinogen, so they're saying we can't classify this
211
00:13:51.159 --> 00:13:54.399
as cancer causing in people. In nineteen ninety one it
212
00:13:54.519 --> 00:13:59.679
was moved down to Group E evidence of non carcinogen
213
00:14:00.200 --> 00:14:04.360
city I guess basically that there's no evidence that causes
214
00:14:04.360 --> 00:14:08.279
cancer in humans. That was in nineteen ninety one. In
215
00:14:08.360 --> 00:14:12.159
twenty fifteen and twenty seventeen it was classified as not
216
00:14:12.320 --> 00:14:16.240
likely to be carcinogenic to humans, but of course other
217
00:14:16.320 --> 00:14:20.879
groups like the International Agency for Researcher and Cancer classified
218
00:14:20.919 --> 00:14:25.559
it in Group two, probably carcinogenic to humans, and in
219
00:14:25.559 --> 00:14:29.399
twenty seventeen, the state of California has it listed has
220
00:14:29.399 --> 00:14:32.159
glad to state listed as known to the state to
221
00:14:32.240 --> 00:14:36.679
cause cancer. Wow. But these motherfuckers the EPA, and like,
222
00:14:36.720 --> 00:14:38.600
it's like, how can you trust the EPA when you
223
00:14:38.720 --> 00:14:43.399
have a revolving DAR or yeah, yes, of Monsanto executives
224
00:14:43.720 --> 00:14:51.440
going from Monsando CEOs down to EPA administrator Santo. So
225
00:14:51.600 --> 00:14:53.559
it's like, of course they're going to label it non
226
00:14:53.639 --> 00:14:57.559
concert causing, like they want to make money. Some of
227
00:14:57.600 --> 00:15:01.240
the tests that were conducted by country factors for Monzanto
228
00:15:01.840 --> 00:15:05.559
to prove whether or not it was carcinogenic were We're
229
00:15:05.600 --> 00:15:11.840
found to be fraudulent of course, yeah, and Monzanto stated
230
00:15:11.840 --> 00:15:15.080
that they repeated the tests with similar results in a
231
00:15:15.159 --> 00:15:18.600
non fraudulent manner. But again they cannot be trusted right.
232
00:15:19.799 --> 00:15:23.279
A report by the Ministry of Health in Cordoba, Argentina
233
00:15:23.440 --> 00:15:28.159
revealed that deaths from cancerous tumors are double the national
234
00:15:28.159 --> 00:15:33.360
average in areas where genetically engineered crops are grown. Damn,
235
00:15:34.200 --> 00:15:38.120
that's a lot. Yeah. The highest rate of death occurs
236
00:15:38.240 --> 00:15:42.240
in the Bamba Gringa area, where most GMO crops are
237
00:15:42.240 --> 00:15:45.720
grown and most of the chemicals that ground up are used.
238
00:15:46.519 --> 00:15:50.440
The average for cancer deaths is one hundred and fifty
239
00:15:50.440 --> 00:15:55.360
eight per one hundred thousand inhabitants. That's the normal amount,
240
00:15:55.679 --> 00:16:00.440
but in areas like Bampa Gringa it's too, two hundred
241
00:16:00.440 --> 00:16:06.360
and sixteen to two hundred and thirty per one hundred inhabitants. Wow,
242
00:16:07.559 --> 00:16:11.440
so again a big jump. Other regions in Cordoba also
243
00:16:11.480 --> 00:16:16.000
have cancer deaths well above the national average, ranging in