Oct. 30, 2025

History of Border Patrol (Part 5)

History of Border Patrol (Part 5)
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The organization known today as border patrol began in 1924. In this episode, Carmen continues going over the collaboration between US and Mexico in the policing of migrants, more about this during the bracero program, as well as Operation Wetback and the role of the Mexican American middle class. 

Come see Carmen & Cristina Nov 1st, 2025 in Yakima,WA:  The Cucuy Is Going to Get You Nov 1st, 2025 event in Yakima, WA

If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email Historiasunknownpodcast@gmail.com or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/

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Sources

https://aapihistorymuseum.org/what-did-these-anti-chinese-laws-and-rules-say/ 
Migra! A History of US Border Patrol by Kelly Lytte Hernandez
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Milton 
https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article/50/3/602/152626/The-Spanish-Americans-of-New-Mexico-A-Heritage-of 
https://sourcenm.com/2024/09/24/what-does-hispanic-identity-mean-in-new-mexico/

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WEBVTT

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Hi, everyone. This is Carmen and Christina and this is

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a Studia's Unknown, a podcast where we talk about Latin

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American history. Sometimes it's horrible and deals with Harry topics

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like racism, corruption, genocide, but more than that, it's also

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bout resistance, power and community. And today we are doing

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our last part of the history of Border Patrol. Wow,

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last part already. It's been a long journey, it has. Yeah, Okay.

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Last week we talked about the Border Patrol growing as

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a federal organization, the changes brought on by new recruits,

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including the coural methods of pushing migrants into more remote

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and dangerous ways of crossing the border, collaboration between US

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and Mexico and policing Mexican migrants, and the breast of

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the program. And today we'll get into a little bit

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of this, a little bit of that, okay, some of

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the same stuff, a little bit of what and what

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all around changes like that came to the Border Patrol

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lot towards and the creation of DHS or no, not really,

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oh okay, I mean it just that's where the book

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ends because it's more that's more recent. M Yeah, okay, So,

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like we mentioned last week, there was a rise in

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unauthorized immigration during the Bresila program, mainly Mexican males who

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were ineligible for the program and the wives and children

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of the brasselos who were eligible for the program. And

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to police this, the United States and Mexico partnered more

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than ever before. They worked together to deport migrants to

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inland Mexico using different methods like air and bus lifts,

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basically using planes, buses, and trains to take migrants inland

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after the United States Ports Patrol would exchange custody as

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migrants to the Mexican immigration enforcement. Mexican agricultural businessmen were

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especially really interested in strengthening the border because they were

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losing their labor force to the United States. Oh yeah,

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it was in their interests. In Mexicali and Watamoros, agricultural

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businessmen were calling for the military to be placed along

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the border to prevent unsanctioned immigration. Generally, the Mexican government

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left the migration enforcement to the US, but this changed

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on the weekend of October sixteenth to the seventeenth in

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nineteen forty eight, when thousands of Mexican migrants stormed the

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border at Elbaso. So This was the invasion that they

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were actually worried about. Oh, so there's precedent to this.

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So what happened was there was a tensions that had

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been escalating between the United States and Mexico because officials

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from both countries had been arguing about the minimum wage

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that would be offered to rasseerros, with the United States,

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of course, wanting to pay less and Mexico asking for

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higher wages, and they weren't coming to any kind of agreement.

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And there were already a lot of baraceto hopefuls waiting

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into the Laquatas, waiting to see they would be allowed

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into the US. And I'm not sure how long they

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were waiting for, like how long this went on for,

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But the resources of the brasselos were dwindling and their

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desperation grew, and on October sixteenth and escalated, and it

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estimated four thousand migrants rushed the border. Oh wow, this

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makes me think of the caravans. Yeah. After that weekend,

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the Mexican government temporarily ended the Betaseta program until an

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agreement on the wages could be reached with the United States,

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and they placed the military at the border to prevent

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border crossings. Then, in July nineteen forty nine, the Mexican

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government declared a national emergency because cut farmers in the

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De Nosa and Matamotos region were facing a labor shortage,

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and that month, five thousand Mexican soldiers patrolled the United

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States and Mexico border and engaged in emigration enforcement, detaining

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migrants until the migrants accepted labor contracts with the Mexican

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cotton growers. Oh so they forced them to work and

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stay in Mexico like forced labor. Essentially that that is

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not a good look. No, not at all. And the

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Mexican Agricultural Bank supported the military's efforts and actively encouraged

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the use of forced labor. And while government officials denied

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courcing migrants to work for Mexican cotton growers, journalists published

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interviews of migrants supporting they were being sold like slaves.

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Oh my god. Yeah, soldiers were threatening migrants with gel

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unless they accepted working for Mexican growers. And there were

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even rumors that soldiers were shooting at migrants along the border.

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Oh and I mean there's I didn't see about that

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being verified, but rumors aside. The Mexican military and law

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enforcement were enforcing a nineteen forty seven law that established

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a two to five year imprisonment and a fine of

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up to ten thousand vessels for anyone who attempted to

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take Mexican citizens out of Mexico without proper authorization. Even

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though they were taking themselves out right, no one was

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taking them out right. So this was something that was

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aimed at coyotes more, but it was being at this instance,

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it was being used against migrants, okay. And after this,

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the Mexican military claimed to have stopped all illegal immigration

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in the area, and things stayed that way, with the

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Mexican government enforcing emmigration on their side of the border

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until Mexico and the United States reached a new agreement

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on the best set of program But issues arose again

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in nineteen fifty two and nineteen fifty three, at which

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point Mexico finally created their own board patrol instead of

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continuing to place the military at the border. Oh and

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the establishment of Mexico's own Bard patrol opened up even

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more opportunities for partnership and collaboration between the US and

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Mexico and police immigrants. So it's really ramped up the partnership.

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They became two peas in a pod PEB and J

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cafe Suka. Yeah, I'll stop, Yeah, yeah, shut up now.

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Chief Patrol Inspector Fletcher Rawls. He once described as Mexican

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counterpart captain of the Mexico Border Patrol Alberto Moreno, saying, quote,

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he's tearing up boats by the bunches, I think, shooting

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up a few, and is cooperating with us. Very good.

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We can keep this man over there, and he continues

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to receive the backing from Mexico City. He is going

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to be a big help for us. Ewn. Yeah, what's

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his name, the Mexican bar Patrol? Yeah, yeah, alvererto Moreno,

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fuck alt for real. This partnership allowed the United States

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to extend its policing of Mexican migrants past the borders

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of the United States. It also allowed the United States

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to offload the more crol techniques or tactics to the

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Mexican Border Patrol to like do our dirty work for us. Yes. Yes.

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One example of this is head shaving. By the late

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nineteen forties, most migrants that crossed the border did so repeatedly,

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and border patrol agents were getting frustrated seeing the same

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faces over and over again, sometimes even the same day,

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just goes to show how bad they are at the job, though,

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which is fine by me. Yeah. Same. In the early

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nineteen fifties, Border Patrol Inspector Bob Salinger, who was in

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charge of the mission station in Texas, was fed up,

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so he asked that agents carry clippers with them to

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shave the heads of chronic offenders. He instructed his agents

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to not process these migrants who had been taking to

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the border patrol barber shop, that is what he called it.

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And so he told them anyone who had been shaved,

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to not take them to the official detention center and

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instead take them straight over the river, this is his quote.

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Straight over the river and kick them across after you

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clip their heads. Oh my god. Yeah. And Bob knew

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that this practice would be looked down upon and shut

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down by his authorities, and so this is why he

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kept it on the down low by saying, like, hey,

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don't process them like normal, just drive them straight to

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the border. Yeah. But they were only able to keep

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it on the down low for so long, and this

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came to the attention of the higher ups like Chief

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Patrol Inspector Fletcher Rolls. So it came to their attention

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after one officer got mad that a group of eight migrants, hey,

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they were like resisting detention and like running away and stuff.

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So anyway, he was mad basically that they were resisting him,

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and he shaved all of their heads, and some of

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them ended up being processed at the detention center. And

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Bob praised this agent saying, quote, he peeled all of them.

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He did a good job of it. He had made

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in apache out of some of them, cut crosses on

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their heads, just the long haired ones. One old boy

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had a bushy mustache. He'd shaved off half of it.

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End quote, Oh my god, isn't that disgusting? They were like, yes,

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it was interesting to me. The way they talk about it,

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like these quotes. They talk like, obviously, shaving someone's head

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against their own will is violating their rights, because you

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have a right to have the hair, your hair the

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way you want it and present yourself as you choose,

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you know what I mean. So it is a torture

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tactic and a violation of human rights. But they're also

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he's talking about it as if it was something more violent, right,

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And obviously it is violent. To shave someone's head against

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their will. But he's like equating it to scalping. Yeah, yeah,

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and it's like, like, I it seems like they almost

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wish they could be like literally like cutting them, Like

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they're doing this in place of scalping, Otherwise they would

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be scalping right there. Yeah. And so they're using the

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same language they did of their own ancestors, who were

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or not even that far removed Predeceppler generations back predecessors,

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that's a better word. Yeah, they're ing the language of

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their predecessors, the Texas Rangers in relation to just shaving

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their heads. Yeah, because to them it's the same mm hmm.

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Disgusting truly. Fletcher order to stop this practice until he

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could determine the constitutionality of it, like whether or not

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it violated the civil rights of Mexican detainees. But soon

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Mexican journalists were exposing the California Board Patrol of this

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cruel practice. It had also like independently developed over there,

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because this was going to Wow, Fletcher is uh from Texas,

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Like the border Patrol in Texas? How horrible is this

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organization that apparently exactly Yeah, they're coming up with these

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cruel and unusual punishments, like they're not they didn't communicate

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with each other too, and yet they're doing the same shit, right,

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statistic shit. Yeah. So Fletcher was like, we don't need

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this heat, and he called up Alberto Moreno and he

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asked if the Mexican Border Patrol could pick up this

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practice of head shaving until the civil rights issues in

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the US could be worked out. And Alberto agreed, happily,

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happily said you say jump, I jump, You say said

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I sit, You say, shave the head of my Mexican brethren,

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and I'm gonna do it. Yeah. Yeah, Unfortunately, fuck Alberto

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Moreno was that name? Fuck this ful? Yeah, okay, And

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so the Mexican Border Patrol continued this practice for years

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until it was okay and again in the United States

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under the guise of public health and hygiene, under the

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guise of public health and hygiene. Mm hm, you know what. Sorry,

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that's why. That's why shit under the guys of public

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health and hygiene pisses me the fuck off. When I

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made videos about Operation not opreaging went back about the bathriot,

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there were so many comments from ignorant ass bitches who

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were like he was to keep the country healthy or

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it was for their health, and it's like stop. But

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they only did it at certain points of entry. They

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only did it to certain migrants of people, Mexican exigrants.

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And that's what I told them. They were like, they

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did this in Ellis Island. Yes, and then they stopped

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and the practice went on away longer. Yes, and the

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next these like reductive ass comments either don't care or

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don't think about or accombination of both things. Yeah, anything

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to like minimize the harm that this was actually causing

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and excuse it. Yes. Yes. Despite all of the deterrence

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efforts fences, train lifts, airlifts, bus lifts, and humiliation, unauthorized

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migration continued. Soon migrant detainees were facing overcrowdedness in detention centers,

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and soon county also were being used to detain migrants,

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but these became overcrowded too. Border Patrol hoped that the

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overcrowdedness would serve as a deterrent, but apprehensions continued, So

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then the Border Patrol introduced boat lifts as a new deterrent.

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Boat lifts. Yeah, they used these drain operations web back

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the boatlets returned deportees from Port Isabel, Texas, to Tampico

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and Vera Cruz on three different chips, the SS Emancipation,

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SS Mercurio and the SS Vera Cruz. In May nineteen

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fifty six, the INS Commissioner Joseph Swing described the boat

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lifts as deterrents because quote, these interior Mexicans don't like

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the seawater. I understand, they get a little seasick and

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they're a long way from home end. Quote Like what

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the fuck is this? This is the same, like I said,

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a scientific bullshit, like the tracking, the footprint tracking we

218
00:14:15.559 --> 00:14:18.440
were talking about earlier, and the walk, the way they

219
00:14:18.480 --> 00:14:22.279
would analyze the walking and supposedly how Mexicans walk a

220
00:14:22.320 --> 00:14:26.440
certain way. Yes, in part two, the ballos are going

221
00:14:26.480 --> 00:14:28.840
to work because Mexicans don't like the water. They don't

222
00:14:28.879 --> 00:14:31.960
like water. Like, what the fuck is please, that's not

223
00:14:32.039 --> 00:14:34.879
even true. And you know they said the same thing

224
00:14:34.919 --> 00:14:39.759
about enslaved black people. Yeah, and in the US when

225
00:14:39.840 --> 00:14:42.360
so many times the sea was a form of escape

226
00:14:42.879 --> 00:14:46.000
in certain places, like swim down the river, go through

227
00:14:46.000 --> 00:14:50.159
this other area and you're free. Like yeah, they are,

228
00:14:50.720 --> 00:14:56.039
they're just rais. Yeah. Yeah. Only a few months after

229
00:14:56.080 --> 00:15:00.639
the introduction of this practice, things turned deadly deeper aboard

230
00:15:00.679 --> 00:15:04.279
the SS Medcudio righted and thirty six deportees jumped from

231
00:15:04.279 --> 00:15:07.919
the ship as a docked for emergency docking, and sadly,

232
00:15:08.000 --> 00:15:11.799
five of them drowned. After this incident, theists stopped using

233
00:15:11.840 --> 00:15:17.679
boatlets boat lifts to transport Mexican deportees and they reintroduced airlifts. Wow,

234
00:15:18.519 --> 00:15:22.600
this we said it in the Operation Wetback episode. But

235
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the conditions of these boats mirrored the condition of the

236
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boats that were used to transport enslaved people. Yeah. Yeah,

237
00:15:33.159 --> 00:15:37.519
they were horrible, horrible conditions. Overcrowded. Everything was like overcrowded,

238
00:15:37.559 --> 00:15:41.480
the planes, the trains, they just didn't care the jen

239
00:15:41.679 --> 00:15:45.399
You know what's wild is that Well, obviously we talked

240
00:15:45.399 --> 00:15:49.200
about Operation Wetback on these boats happening during Operation Wetback,

241
00:15:49.879 --> 00:15:52.759
but then also the plane that crashed that we covered

242
00:15:52.960 --> 00:15:56.200
the it was around this time period too. Wasn't in

243
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the thirties, Oh yeah, you're right, it was before. They've

244
00:15:59.720 --> 00:16:03.440
always been doing this, but they were using airlifts earlier.

245
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I said they started they got planes after World War

246
00:16:06.559 --> 00:16:10.159
Two and they started using airlifts like pretty much a

247
00:16:10.200 --> 00:16:13.600
little bit after that. Yeah, okay, but that's all I

248
00:16:13.600 --> 00:16:15.240
could think of when I read that they when they

249
00:16:15.240 --> 00:16:17.720
started using airlifts, I'm like it just yeah, I came

250
00:16:17.759 --> 00:16:21.559
to my mind the that plane crash because it was overcrowded,

251
00:16:22.200 --> 00:16:24.399
because they were just trying to stuff as many Mexicans

252
00:16:24.399 --> 00:16:33.200
to send back in one trip. Yeah. Along with these tactics,

253
00:16:33.240 --> 00:16:36.519
deportees were being beat by the Mexican Border Patrol, when

254
00:16:36.559 --> 00:16:40.120
decades before, the Mexican government was warning migrants are being

255
00:16:40.600 --> 00:16:43.240
abused by the United States if they went north. Do

256
00:16:43.320 --> 00:16:46.679
you remember that, like episodes ago, Yes, that they issued

257
00:16:46.679 --> 00:16:52.120
that warning, but now they're partaken in that. Yeah. Violence. Juancilos,

258
00:16:52.159 --> 00:16:55.720
a deportee, spoke to a journalist about this, saying, quote,

259
00:16:56.039 --> 00:16:59.559
why did they talk about discrimination toward workers abroad when here,

260
00:16:59.720 --> 00:17:03.320
brother of our own race almost kill us? So it's

261
00:17:03.440 --> 00:17:10.200
like violent. Wow. Sometimes the Mexico and US Border Patrol

262
00:17:10.279 --> 00:17:13.680
collaborated and sometimes they fought, especially when there were disagreements

263
00:17:13.720 --> 00:17:15.880
about the rest of the program, because that was like

264
00:17:15.880 --> 00:17:19.519
an ongoing thing. But no matter how they were getting along,

265
00:17:19.640 --> 00:17:23.039
the migrants bore the brunt of it all. In one

266
00:17:23.079 --> 00:17:29.079
example of collaboration, Chief Patrol Inspector Fletcher. Fletcher requested that

267
00:17:29.440 --> 00:17:32.920
Mexico Border Patrol clear out a migrant camp along the

268
00:17:32.960 --> 00:17:37.440
border in Tampico near Dona, Texas. It was home to

269
00:17:37.519 --> 00:17:41.960
over five hundred migrants, men, women, and children. For the

270
00:17:42.039 --> 00:17:44.319
longest time. The people living in the camp had been

271
00:17:44.359 --> 00:17:47.039
able to avoid capture by the US Border Patrol by

272
00:17:47.079 --> 00:17:50.680
running south into Mexico when they were being chased. But

273
00:17:50.720 --> 00:17:54.160
when the United States asked the Mexican Border Patrol for help,

274
00:17:54.400 --> 00:17:57.799
the migrants were met by the Mexican Border Patrol shooting

275
00:17:57.839 --> 00:17:59.759
at them once they ran south. So they were all

276
00:18:00.079 --> 00:18:05.359
shared and the camp was cleared. Oh my god, fuck

277
00:18:05.480 --> 00:18:10.400
all Board patrols, That's what I'm saying. Yeah, So let's

278
00:18:10.480 --> 00:18:13.000
jump forward a bit and talk about some different operations

279
00:18:13.039 --> 00:18:17.559
conducted by the United States Border Patrol. In June nineteen

280
00:18:17.559 --> 00:18:20.319
fifty four, the Board Patrol announced that it will launch

281
00:18:20.359 --> 00:18:23.720
its most aggressive campaign yet and would have seven hundred

282
00:18:23.759 --> 00:18:28.880
and fifty specially trained agents running this campaign, Operation Wetback,

283
00:18:28.880 --> 00:18:30.599
which we did talk about. I was going to say

284
00:18:30.640 --> 00:18:32.599
Operation Went Back, right, Yeah, So we have a whole

285
00:18:32.640 --> 00:18:36.799
episode on that that Christina researched, and in the episode

286
00:18:36.799 --> 00:18:40.000
you also talked about Operation Cloudburst, which was in nineteen

287
00:18:40.000 --> 00:18:45.279
fifty three. Yes, yes, it's predisaster. No, yeah, it's Predisaster

288
00:18:45.400 --> 00:18:47.880
in nineteen fifty three, and Operation Went Back was nineteen

289
00:18:48.079 --> 00:18:51.319
fifty four. Yes, okay, okay, yeah. And so I'm not

290
00:18:51.359 --> 00:18:53.960
going to talk about that much here because Operation Wetback

291
00:18:53.960 --> 00:18:57.400
has its own episode and Operation cloud ursus talked about

292
00:18:57.559 --> 00:19:01.359
in that episode. So Operation Wards was spearheaded by that

293
00:19:01.440 --> 00:19:08.400
fucking bitch Harlan b Carter, bitch bug him. Yeah, we

294
00:19:08.480 --> 00:19:13.559
don't like him. Yeah. And in the proposal of Operation

295
00:19:13.799 --> 00:19:17.240
cloud Burst, Harlan requested that the US and military be

296
00:19:17.400 --> 00:19:21.359
used to purge the country of undocumented Mexicans, and he

297
00:19:21.400 --> 00:19:25.880
outlined three basic steps to do so. First, and anti

298
00:19:26.079 --> 00:19:30.559
infiltration operation near or on the border to quote seal

299
00:19:30.599 --> 00:19:35.000
the border, stationing soldiers along the border, and building fences

300
00:19:35.039 --> 00:19:38.400
along the heavy draffic areas of the border, along with

301
00:19:38.680 --> 00:19:43.000
wire concertina. The wire fencing the tool of the oppressor. Yes,

302
00:19:43.039 --> 00:19:45.039
oh right, I immediately as soon as I saw that,

303
00:19:45.119 --> 00:19:46.720
I read that, and I'm like the tool of the

304
00:19:46.759 --> 00:19:51.119
oppressor on top of the fence. Second, a containment operation

305
00:19:51.359 --> 00:19:55.000
consisting of roadblocks on all major roads leading from the

306
00:19:55.039 --> 00:19:57.839
southwest to the interior of the United States, and the

307
00:19:57.880 --> 00:20:01.519
third phase would consist of sweet or raids and for

308
00:20:01.599 --> 00:20:04.400
the Border Patrol to work with Mexico to airlift or

309
00:20:04.480 --> 00:20:09.240
train lift all deporties to the interior of Mexico. But

310
00:20:09.599 --> 00:20:12.920
Operation Cloudburst never happened because of a little thing called

311
00:20:12.920 --> 00:20:18.640
the law, which they actually followed. Back then, there's this thing.

312
00:20:19.039 --> 00:20:20.599
There's actually been a lot of mention, a lot of

313
00:20:20.599 --> 00:20:22.000
talk about it. I don't know if you've heard of

314
00:20:22.039 --> 00:20:24.559
this lately. I have. It's been in the news a lot.

315
00:20:24.599 --> 00:20:31.400
This law Posse commentatas from eighteen seventy eight, and this

316
00:20:31.480 --> 00:20:34.400
basically prohibits the use of the army for domestic law

317
00:20:34.440 --> 00:20:43.359
enforcement unless Congress grant authority. Right, unless Congress grants authority right.

318
00:20:43.880 --> 00:20:45.759
And but the law, at least from what I read

319
00:20:45.759 --> 00:20:48.000
in the book, this could be superseded by the United

320
00:20:48.039 --> 00:20:52.960
States President making a presidential proclamation. So I haven't heard

321
00:20:53.440 --> 00:20:56.759
that part of it, which officially hasn't been done. I

322
00:20:56.759 --> 00:21:02.440
don't think so. No. Yeah, But back then then President

323
00:21:02.480 --> 00:21:08.680
Eisenhower refused. Eisenhower, OK, He's like, I'm not doing this. Instead,

324
00:21:09.680 --> 00:21:14.200
Eisenhower assigned a retired general from I forgot what branch

325
00:21:14.200 --> 00:21:16.640
of the military to the I in s so the

326
00:21:16.680 --> 00:21:20.920
you think it was the army? It probably I think

327
00:21:21.240 --> 00:21:24.200
I talked about it a little bit. Okay, I don't

328
00:21:24.240 --> 00:21:26.160
think I wrote down his name. Oh okay, I was like,

329
00:21:26.200 --> 00:21:28.519
I don't remember seeing his name in your notes. No, no,

330
00:21:28.599 --> 00:21:32.119
I put some general. Oh okay, well it was this ful.

331
00:21:32.559 --> 00:21:36.400
I think it's so funny how we will talk about

332
00:21:36.440 --> 00:21:38.759
something and there was an episode on something else later

333
00:21:38.799 --> 00:21:40.759
and then find out they're connected, and then I'm like, oh,

334
00:21:40.920 --> 00:21:44.079
this would have made sense to talk about before. Yeah.

335
00:21:44.599 --> 00:21:46.519
I always wish we would do things in order, but

336
00:21:46.559 --> 00:21:49.079
that's just not how our minds work. We say that

337
00:21:49.160 --> 00:21:51.960
so much. Yeah, but if anyone is like listening out

338
00:21:52.000 --> 00:21:55.960
of order and listening to these, wait, that would be

339
00:21:56.000 --> 00:21:57.799
weird if you listened to this episode first. But if

340
00:21:57.839 --> 00:21:59.519
anyone ever wants to re listen, I guess like it

341
00:21:59.519 --> 00:22:01.680
would be good to really listen to the Border Patrol

342
00:22:01.759 --> 00:22:04.440
episodes and then the Operation Wetback episode, Like that would

343
00:22:04.480 --> 00:22:07.680
be such a good order of things. You know, we

344
00:22:07.759 --> 00:22:10.799
didn't know what we didn't know. Yeah, the horrible history

345
00:22:10.839 --> 00:22:13.640
of Border Patrol, which I hate. Oh yeah, this is

346
00:22:13.680 --> 00:22:18.160
like the worst thing. Ever, like I already obviously already

347
00:22:18.200 --> 00:22:20.799
hated the Border Patrol, and now it's like a an

348
00:22:20.960 --> 00:22:25.039
more if that's eve impossible. You did hatred the burns

349
00:22:25.079 --> 00:22:28.960
with the fires the evers in the embers of Yeah,

350
00:22:29.799 --> 00:22:36.440
Barnie my soul. So yeah, Joseph Swinging worked with Harlan

351
00:22:36.480 --> 00:22:40.240
Carter to develop Operation Wetback. No, isn't this the general

352
00:22:40.319 --> 00:22:43.319
Joseph Swing. Yes, Joseph Swing is the general that you

353
00:22:43.440 --> 00:22:48.160
talked about without naming. In June tenth of nineteen fifty four,

354
00:22:48.519 --> 00:22:51.920
at dawn one hundreds of United States Border Patrol officers

355
00:22:51.920 --> 00:22:55.920
set up roadblocks throughout California and western Arizona, where they

356
00:22:56.039 --> 00:23:03.240
reportedly detained approximately you love it, thousand undocumented Mexicans within

357
00:23:03.279 --> 00:23:05.599
a week, and they continued these kind of sweeps for

358
00:23:05.640 --> 00:23:09.799
the next three months in South Texas, Chicago, Illinois, and

359
00:23:09.839 --> 00:23:13.759
in the Mississippi Delta in La raids were conducted in

360
00:23:13.799 --> 00:23:18.839
popular hotels and restaurants, and Border Patrol detained more people

361
00:23:18.839 --> 00:23:21.279
than they could handle, and they turned public spaces like

362
00:23:21.359 --> 00:23:24.880
Allisian Park into temporary holding stations, which you talked about

363
00:23:25.480 --> 00:23:30.839
aka constant ration camps. Right literally, newspapers, there's a La

364
00:23:30.960 --> 00:23:34.720
Times newspapers saying contentration camp created and allegian paring housing

365
00:23:34.799 --> 00:23:40.000
Mexicans where they were reporting abuse. These public raids and

366
00:23:40.079 --> 00:23:44.359
detention public detention centers brought a lot of media attention,

367
00:23:45.039 --> 00:23:48.559
and Border Patrol used the attention as a warning to

368
00:23:48.640 --> 00:23:52.559
what would happen in Texas since the operation started in California. First,

369
00:23:53.480 --> 00:23:56.920
Border Patrol used this to negotiate with Textan farmers and

370
00:23:57.039 --> 00:24:00.960
to pressure them to meet the requirements of BASTA program

371
00:24:01.079 --> 00:24:05.480
and to hire brasettos instead of undocumented workers. And the

372
00:24:05.519 --> 00:24:09.440
operation began to wind down by October, mostly because funds

373
00:24:09.440 --> 00:24:13.440
were running dry, and the commissioner of the Iis Joseph Swing,

374
00:24:14.039 --> 00:24:17.960
declared victory, saying, quote, the era of the web back

375
00:24:18.079 --> 00:24:21.319
is over. Like, what kind of fucking shit is that?

376
00:24:21.400 --> 00:24:25.079
The era of the wet back is over. That's what

377
00:24:25.119 --> 00:24:31.799
he said, Joseph Swing, Doug CARLN Carter Bug the Border Patrol. Yeah,

378
00:24:32.640 --> 00:24:36.960
I'm gonna clip that and just have It's gonna be fun.

379
00:24:39.400 --> 00:24:42.839
And he also claimed that over a million undocumented immigrants

380
00:24:42.839 --> 00:24:45.680
had been deported, but as we know from when Christina

381
00:24:45.720 --> 00:24:49.160
covered operation went back, that was a gross exaggeration. Yes,

382
00:24:50.079 --> 00:24:52.680
and then stupid bitch as Trump was repeating those numbers like,

383
00:24:52.680 --> 00:24:54.519
but you don't even know. That's not even true. It

384
00:24:54.559 --> 00:24:58.200
wasn't even true. But all he does is lie literally no, yeah, yeah,

385
00:24:58.400 --> 00:25:04.920
if he's talking, he's lying. That's true, that's true. True. No, yeah,

386
00:25:05.200 --> 00:25:12.039
if he opens as big ass mouth to talk to lie. Yeah.

387
00:25:12.359 --> 00:25:15.599
In reality, high estimates put the numbers of migrants supported

388
00:25:15.640 --> 00:25:20.319
at two hundred thousand, and lower estimates at thirty three thousand,

389
00:25:20.319 --> 00:25:23.759
two hundred and seven. Especially when you look at the

390
00:25:23.799 --> 00:25:27.319
actual time frame during which Operation Went Back took place

391
00:25:27.720 --> 00:25:31.200
during the Border Patrol's fiscal year. It only took like

392
00:25:31.319 --> 00:25:33.799
Operation Went Back only happened at the tail end of

393
00:25:33.960 --> 00:25:37.680
the Porer Patrol's fiscal year, and they lied in the numbers.

394
00:25:38.039 --> 00:25:40.759
They counted the Operation web Back numbers like for all year.

395
00:25:41.880 --> 00:25:44.880
Of course I don't know, like she explained it better

396
00:25:44.920 --> 00:25:47.480
in the book, but basically they were lying. Yeah, basically

397
00:25:47.559 --> 00:25:53.000
they inflated their numbers. And during Joseph Swing's leadership of

398
00:25:53.039 --> 00:25:55.119
the ins that was like a thing like he would

399
00:25:55.160 --> 00:25:57.480
just lie and make numbers up and make things seem

400
00:25:57.559 --> 00:26:02.960
like bigger and higher than they I'm not surprised. Yeah.

401
00:26:03.000 --> 00:26:05.400
And also none of the Border Patrol officers received any

402
00:26:05.440 --> 00:26:07.640
kind of special training. In fact, this was just an

403
00:26:07.680 --> 00:26:10.720
expansion of the special Mexican details that we talked about

404
00:26:10.759 --> 00:26:13.319
last episode. Like they didn't do they he was just

405
00:26:13.400 --> 00:26:16.039
lying the whole time, Like they didn't Mexican parties special. Yeah,

406
00:26:16.759 --> 00:26:20.359
the special Mexican parties, special Mexican details, and there was

407
00:26:20.359 --> 00:26:23.240
like other names for them. But basically, yeah, these were

408
00:26:23.240 --> 00:26:25.160
the same kind of operations that were already doing. They

409
00:26:25.200 --> 00:26:26.640
just did at a larger scale and there was like

410
00:26:26.640 --> 00:26:30.200
no special training and they didn't actually detain that much people,

411
00:26:30.279 --> 00:26:37.880
like they just lied. And like we mentioned last episode,

412
00:26:38.000 --> 00:26:40.559
the Border Patrol had been doing raids like operation went

413
00:26:40.640 --> 00:26:43.599
back since the nineteen forties, and they continued to do

414
00:26:43.680 --> 00:26:46.559
so well into the nineteen fifties, and this earned them

415
00:26:46.559 --> 00:26:50.799
a negative reputation, especially among ranchers and farm owners, and

416
00:26:50.839 --> 00:26:54.480
I briefly mentioned standoffs between the Border Patrol and ranchers

417
00:26:54.519 --> 00:27:01.119
happening pretty frequently last episode. To rehabilitate their image and reputation,

418
00:27:01.680 --> 00:27:05.920
the Border Patrol relied on the trader asks middle class

419
00:27:06.039 --> 00:27:12.519
Mexican Americans. Of course, anytime something fucking negative happens, who

420
00:27:12.599 --> 00:27:17.799
is at who is at? The behind it behind as

421
00:27:17.839 --> 00:27:22.599
middle class Mexican Americans. Yes, that's crazy. Of course I'm

422
00:27:22.599 --> 00:27:24.880
not surprised, but at the same time, I'm like, of course,

423
00:27:24.960 --> 00:27:28.359
of course it was them. Yeah. Yeah, it's like those

424
00:27:28.519 --> 00:27:31.039
those TikTok videos that are going around of like oh

425
00:27:31.519 --> 00:27:34.160
or posts. They're not always tek talk videos, but just

426
00:27:34.519 --> 00:27:37.599
it's always the same words Mexican and Texas starts earning

427
00:27:37.599 --> 00:27:44.319
fifty K and suddenly they yeah, they're MAGA supporters. This

428
00:27:44.480 --> 00:27:49.000
is like the equivalent of that back then. And so yeah,

429
00:27:49.039 --> 00:27:55.279
these fools believe that undocumented Mexicans quote and this is

430
00:27:55.319 --> 00:27:57.799
the quote that they said, I wouldn't be saying this

431
00:27:57.799 --> 00:28:00.839
word otherwise. They also didn't me that well, you'll see

432
00:28:00.920 --> 00:28:06.839
quote materially retarded our assimilation, so they didn't So middle

433
00:28:06.839 --> 00:28:13.000
class Mexican Americans believe that undocumented Mexicans quote materially retarded

434
00:28:13.039 --> 00:28:16.640
our assimilation. So they didn't mean like the our words

435
00:28:16.960 --> 00:28:19.680
slur like it slowed down the assimilation, because that's how

436
00:28:19.680 --> 00:28:21.680
they used to use this word back then too. Yeah,

437
00:28:21.799 --> 00:28:25.839
but yeah, they that that Mexicans, undocumented Mexicans slowed down

438
00:28:25.920 --> 00:28:31.279
the assimilation, and it's like, well, we don't have to, Yeah,

439
00:28:31.559 --> 00:28:34.079
start trying to make a similation happen. It's not gonna happen.

440
00:28:35.440 --> 00:28:39.000
I don't want to assimilate. I've assimilated enough. I speak

441
00:28:39.039 --> 00:28:42.400
English too much, honestly, I work in nine to five

442
00:28:42.480 --> 00:28:45.839
and I don't want to. I went to college to

443
00:28:45.920 --> 00:28:54.279
a p W. I I sometimes buy taco bell I

444
00:28:54.359 --> 00:28:59.720
used a swiffer. That's assimilation. I don't use the all

445
00:29:00.480 --> 00:29:03.079
the ring owl in my hands. I actually did go

446
00:29:03.160 --> 00:29:07.119
back to those mops. I'm my later, but I haven't

447
00:29:07.200 --> 00:29:12.599
yet anyway, And they often described the quote web back

448
00:29:12.640 --> 00:29:18.119
in Invasion as the biggest problem for Americans of Mexican descent,

449
00:29:19.039 --> 00:29:23.200
Americans of Mexican descent. But you call middle class Mexicans

450
00:29:23.480 --> 00:29:29.440
an American of Mexican descent, that's nobody accept these motherfuckers crazy.

451
00:29:29.720 --> 00:29:34.759
What a crazy thing to say. And Mexican American workers

452
00:29:34.759 --> 00:29:39.119
and unions supported the border patrol and strict immigration laws

453
00:29:39.119 --> 00:29:41.559
because they could not compete with the low wages that

454
00:29:41.799 --> 00:29:44.519
were offered to undocumented workers. But that's not the fault

455
00:29:44.960 --> 00:29:50.079
the undocumented workers like. It's a capitalismo exactly exactly, it's

456
00:29:50.079 --> 00:29:54.759
the faults of capitalism. For our Spanish challenge friends, And

457
00:29:55.839 --> 00:29:58.839
there was even one instance where you need probably more

458
00:29:58.839 --> 00:30:01.960
than one instance. But anyway, were Union members in Imperial

459
00:30:02.079 --> 00:30:06.160
Valley arrested quote the wetbacks who were living in caves

460
00:30:06.200 --> 00:30:09.240
and on the ditches and took them to Born patrol unquote.

461
00:30:10.519 --> 00:30:14.839
They were literally doing the work of porn patrol. Yeah.

462
00:30:15.039 --> 00:30:17.880
And Okay, when I made that video about Sessa Chavis

463
00:30:17.880 --> 00:30:21.079
and the wetlines, people came for me, tell me why.

464
00:30:21.079 --> 00:30:24.160
I am was like, this isn't surprising after we learned

465
00:30:24.200 --> 00:30:27.160
everything about the Chavis. But this isn't the first or

466
00:30:27.200 --> 00:30:30.440
the last time that Mexican Americans do shit like this.

467
00:30:30.720 --> 00:30:35.200
It's literally happening right now with all the Latinos for Trump.

468
00:30:35.400 --> 00:30:38.240
It's always been happening. But like that is an example

469
00:30:38.279 --> 00:30:41.480
of it. And all the Latinos working for por patrol

470
00:30:41.519 --> 00:30:43.960
that we've seen exactly and they've always done it, They've

471
00:30:44.000 --> 00:30:47.720
always joined. Like like you said in part one of

472
00:30:47.799 --> 00:30:52.000
the series, the early border patrol had Mexican Americans in

473
00:30:52.039 --> 00:30:56.039
it and they wanted to call themselves Spanish. But what

474
00:30:56.160 --> 00:30:59.480
you just shared is exactly what Sessa Chavis had the

475
00:30:59.599 --> 00:31:05.640
Uniteds doing in their wetlines. Yeah, and Union members also

476
00:31:05.720 --> 00:31:09.240
patrol the border and reportedly turned back about three thousand

477
00:31:09.400 --> 00:31:14.880
unsanctioned migrants three thousand, and they were doing this for free.

478
00:31:15.960 --> 00:31:20.240
I'm assuming they were doing the job of border patrol

479
00:31:20.480 --> 00:31:27.119
for free. Yeah, I'm out. No, we're done, let me

480
00:31:27.119 --> 00:31:31.480
put these back on. Sorry what. But it's also important

481
00:31:31.519 --> 00:31:35.079
to note that the working class Mexican Americans didn't support

482
00:31:35.480 --> 00:31:39.200
the border patrol without reservations. They, unlike the middle class

483
00:31:39.240 --> 00:31:42.519
Mexican Americans, whole hardily supported them. The middle of course,

484
00:31:43.359 --> 00:31:47.319
right right, the working class union workers and stuff. They

485
00:31:47.359 --> 00:31:50.759
believe migrants deserved fair treatment and often came to the

486
00:31:50.799 --> 00:31:54.720
defense of undocumented workers when they learned of any injustices.

487
00:31:55.039 --> 00:31:58.200
And that was both against the farmers and border patrol.

488
00:31:58.640 --> 00:32:01.720
Bless them. And yeah, like I said, the middle class

489
00:32:01.799 --> 00:32:06.079
Mexican Americans wholeheartedly supported the poor patrol, and they often

490
00:32:06.119 --> 00:32:11.119
described the border patrol as quote maligned, misunderstood, and underappreciated.

491
00:32:12.519 --> 00:32:15.039
That's like, you could replace that with cops too, and

492
00:32:15.039 --> 00:32:17.880
they would say the same thing, probably because I don't know,

493
00:32:17.920 --> 00:32:23.160
there's this fascination about upholding these jobs that are the

494
00:32:23.200 --> 00:32:27.359
worst Border patrol ice cops, they're the same thing. It's

495
00:32:27.400 --> 00:32:33.640
because of copaganda. Yeah, Kelly. The author describes the Mexican

496
00:32:33.720 --> 00:32:38.920
American class as submitting to their own harassment and hopes

497
00:32:39.160 --> 00:32:42.559
that the mass deportation of undocumented Mexicans would improve their

498
00:32:42.599 --> 00:32:47.440
own job security and living conditions. That they basically consented

499
00:32:47.480 --> 00:32:51.480
to their own harassment and discrimination to have a leg

500
00:32:51.599 --> 00:32:55.279
up on people more oppressed than them that were also

501
00:32:55.319 --> 00:32:58.680
their people. Like that's so crazy. It is your own people.

502
00:33:00.079 --> 00:33:03.799
This this is just yet another example of like, oh

503
00:33:03.920 --> 00:33:07.640
I got here, I got mine, I let the ladder,

504
00:33:07.920 --> 00:33:13.400
let me keep the ladder down. Yeah. Preceding Operation Wetback,

505
00:33:13.559 --> 00:33:17.559
members of the American GI Forum, a veterans organization for

506
00:33:17.720 --> 00:33:22.000
Mexican Americans. I knew theseers were going to pop up

507
00:33:25.720 --> 00:33:32.200
children of immigrants all POC, all bipoc. Stop joining the military. Yeah,

508
00:33:33.160 --> 00:33:38.240
at border patrol and while you're at it, the police.

509
00:33:38.559 --> 00:33:45.039
They so. The members of the American GI Forum wrote

510
00:33:45.119 --> 00:33:50.519
letters to the Texas Attorney General asking that the entire

511
00:33:51.160 --> 00:33:54.599
quote the entire US Mexican border we closed against illegal

512
00:33:54.759 --> 00:33:58.759
entry of aliens end quote. In their letters, they also

513
00:33:58.920 --> 00:34:04.160
wrote about quote mass invasion by hordes of illegal aliens

514
00:34:04.519 --> 00:34:08.360
end quote and the economic and social disruptions that that

515
00:34:08.400 --> 00:34:12.920
would oppose fucking stupid, dumb ass veterans. Dude. Yeah, these

516
00:34:12.920 --> 00:34:16.159
were the same bitches who were applauding operation went back

517
00:34:16.320 --> 00:34:21.440
until their own started being deported. Literally, they were just

518
00:34:21.559 --> 00:34:25.599
like now and I'm like things that were changed a

519
00:34:25.599 --> 00:34:27.760
little by little. I guess because I need to have

520
00:34:27.800 --> 00:34:31.039
a hope. I don't know, I don't know what hope is.

521
00:34:32.800 --> 00:34:38.559
And Mexican American leaders knew they and Mexican Americans would

522
00:34:38.599 --> 00:34:43.320
be racially profiled, surveiled, and under suspicion, and they consented

523
00:34:43.360 --> 00:34:45.960
to it and asked their fellow Mexican Americans to be

524
00:34:46.000 --> 00:34:51.880
okay with essentially being criminalized for the greater good. Ed Evad,

525
00:34:51.960 --> 00:34:54.440
who I think was the leader of the American GA Forum,

526
00:34:54.960 --> 00:34:58.480
called for a meeting and public forums and statements to

527
00:34:58.559 --> 00:35:03.639
be issued requesting complian alliance from Mexican Americans. He said, quote,

528
00:35:03.880 --> 00:35:06.719
there may be occasions when some of our residents and

529
00:35:06.800 --> 00:35:11.480
American citizens may be asked to present identification. Our people

530
00:35:11.559 --> 00:35:14.239
must be made to realize that the officers not only

531
00:35:14.280 --> 00:35:18.280
will be discharging a duty imposed on them by law,

532
00:35:18.679 --> 00:35:21.639
but the successful discharge of that duty in cleaning out

533
00:35:21.679 --> 00:35:24.639
the web backs will react to the betterment of employment

534
00:35:24.800 --> 00:35:28.840
and economic opportunities for our people to anything for a

535
00:35:28.880 --> 00:35:33.679
fucking dollar. I guess, like I understand wanting you know,

536
00:35:33.920 --> 00:35:37.679
a better job, better life, but at the back, at

537
00:35:37.719 --> 00:35:43.679
the expense, right of your people, right, yeah, at the

538
00:35:43.719 --> 00:35:47.800
backs of your deals and theas like your little parents

539
00:35:48.079 --> 00:35:51.760
calling for the oppression of one group for you yourself

540
00:35:51.760 --> 00:35:54.400
to have lega But if that is not capitalism, and

541
00:35:54.440 --> 00:35:56.519
that's not literally what the United States has always done,

542
00:35:57.159 --> 00:35:59.159
and yeah, and the oppression of you like literally your

543
00:35:59.159 --> 00:36:06.840
own yeah, like Frank Pinelo Pinelo, then president of LULAC,

544
00:36:07.599 --> 00:36:10.760
said the following quote. The Immigration Service is to be

545
00:36:10.840 --> 00:36:14.559
highly commended for their careful planning for this drive, not

546
00:36:14.599 --> 00:36:17.679
only in South Texas, but in California as well. It

547
00:36:17.760 --> 00:36:21.079
is important that all members of LULAC should represent to

548
00:36:21.199 --> 00:36:25.039
the people of Texas that the league wholeheartedly supports this

549
00:36:25.199 --> 00:36:28.559
drive and in the incidents, if any occur, should be

550
00:36:28.599 --> 00:36:34.079
carefully analyzed before hasty judgment is passed and harmful criticism

551
00:36:34.199 --> 00:36:38.559
is made. Of course, LULAC said that again that's not

552
00:36:38.639 --> 00:36:40.519
They're not like that today. The lu luck of then

553
00:36:40.719 --> 00:36:43.800
is not the lu luck of today. No, they have changed,

554
00:36:44.119 --> 00:36:46.400
but back then, this is all this is what they

555
00:36:46.400 --> 00:36:52.079
were about. Yeah, no, truly, like they literally spearheaded Mexicans

556
00:36:52.239 --> 00:36:56.239
being labeled as white because they wanted to align themselves

557
00:36:56.280 --> 00:36:58.199
with whiteness. And that is the reason why we have

558
00:36:58.280 --> 00:37:05.159
to mark white has a raise. Yeah. Yeah, And I

559
00:37:05.159 --> 00:37:07.199
don't know. It's like we were saying, like if the betterment,

560
00:37:07.440 --> 00:37:10.119
if my betterment comes at the harm and impression of others,

561
00:37:10.360 --> 00:37:12.079
I don't know, I don't want it. Oh my god

562
00:37:12.639 --> 00:37:17.280
tans moment. Oh but yeah no, like no, yes, no,

563
00:37:18.159 --> 00:37:22.599
but some people are not like that, some people. I

564
00:37:22.599 --> 00:37:26.440
think this country has a problem with yes, and the

565
00:37:26.519 --> 00:37:32.000
cent period has a problem period. No, there's a problem

566
00:37:32.199 --> 00:37:35.880
of empathy and like lack of consciousness, like they don't

567
00:37:35.920 --> 00:37:39.599
give up. Fuck. It's like like and that's why we

568
00:37:39.639 --> 00:37:43.239
are where we are. Yeah, I mean we're literally have

569
00:37:43.440 --> 00:37:47.679
so called Christians pushing out a message of toxic empathy.

570
00:37:47.920 --> 00:37:50.800
And I've literally seen that bitch Alibeth Stucky who wrote

571
00:37:50.840 --> 00:37:54.480
that fucking book Toxic Empathy, Like her whole book is

572
00:37:54.480 --> 00:38:00.880
about warning, supposedly warning Christians about falling for quote toxic empathy,

573
00:38:01.360 --> 00:38:03.880
saying like oh there's gonna be like she has a

574
00:38:03.960 --> 00:38:07.559
chapter on immigration, right and She's made tweets and stuff

575
00:38:07.639 --> 00:38:11.199
like basically warning questions like, oh, don't let these they're

576
00:38:11.199 --> 00:38:14.239
gonna push out these images, these videos of children and

577
00:38:14.320 --> 00:38:18.000
women crying, but don't let that fool you. Like they're

578
00:38:18.079 --> 00:38:21.039
using their warping your empathy, and I'm like, you should

579
00:38:21.079 --> 00:38:23.079
be empathetic. You know, who would be empathetic to these

580
00:38:23.119 --> 00:38:24.599
people and who would be on the side of the

581
00:38:24.639 --> 00:38:28.679
immigrants because he literally said that per the Bible, Jesus

582
00:38:28.960 --> 00:38:32.320
their lord and say your Jesus Christ Jesus. But they

583
00:38:32.360 --> 00:38:36.079
follow nothing that Jesus says. No, they created their own

584
00:38:36.159 --> 00:38:41.719
version of Jesus to justify their violent Jesus views. And yeah,

585
00:38:41.760 --> 00:38:44.239
I'm like this is not like I don't know if

586
00:38:44.280 --> 00:38:48.440
you guys are so wrong, and Jesus is like, what

587
00:38:48.480 --> 00:38:50.679
are these folks doing in my name? I'm sorry, But

588
00:38:50.719 --> 00:38:54.960
if only they hadn't been raptured, I mean, yeah, would

589
00:38:55.119 --> 00:39:03.400
like literally be a better place, we would be safe. Yeah.

590
00:39:03.559 --> 00:39:07.880
In other efforts to rehabilitate their image, Border Patrol often

591
00:39:08.039 --> 00:39:12.639
pose their work as protecting migrants from abhorrent working conditions

592
00:39:13.159 --> 00:39:18.199
and abuse. It wait, okay, this is remember the Border

593
00:39:18.239 --> 00:39:22.000
patrol serial killer we covered on a spookito. Yeah, one

594
00:39:22.039 --> 00:39:24.239
of the reasons he gave us wanting to join is

595
00:39:24.280 --> 00:39:27.679
to help people. And they really believe it. They really

596
00:39:27.719 --> 00:39:30.119
believe it. They do. Like this was their their messaging,

597
00:39:30.280 --> 00:39:32.079
like like if they had a mission statement, it would

598
00:39:32.079 --> 00:39:33.679
have been something like that, and they probably did, but

599
00:39:33.679 --> 00:39:35.360
I didn't like look it up or anything. But they

600
00:39:35.400 --> 00:39:37.840
literally had like this message like that their work was

601
00:39:37.880 --> 00:39:42.599
protecting migrants from the horrible working conditions and abuses perpetrated

602
00:39:42.599 --> 00:39:45.480
by ranchers and farm owners. And then in response, the

603
00:39:45.599 --> 00:39:48.840
ranchers would accuse Border Patrol of using racially motivated and

604
00:39:48.960 --> 00:39:51.960
gestapol like taxics. Like just look today, people are comparing

605
00:39:51.960 --> 00:39:53.920
Ice to the gestapol. Well, this is going out back

606
00:39:53.960 --> 00:39:57.119
in the fifties as well. They've always been this, you're

607
00:39:57.159 --> 00:40:00.599
just seeing it at a large scale exactly. No, that's

608
00:40:00.599 --> 00:40:04.159
like literally the whole point of the Soul series is

609
00:40:04.320 --> 00:40:07.599
like to show that they've always been this. Yeah yeah,

610
00:40:07.599 --> 00:40:09.599
like they're not any worse, They've always been as bad.

611
00:40:09.960 --> 00:40:12.920
Yeah yeah. And people keep saying like, oh, this is

612
00:40:12.960 --> 00:40:15.880
not America. I'm sorry, but this was going on like

613
00:40:16.079 --> 00:40:20.880
since the inception of they keep comparing it to Nazi

614
00:40:20.920 --> 00:40:23.079
Germany and it's like, stop, just compare it to here,

615
00:40:23.320 --> 00:40:32.159
stop we had. Yeah. Yeah, officers described quote, wets being

616
00:40:32.280 --> 00:40:40.719
housed wet, they call us wets. Wets is worse, that's gross, right,

617
00:40:42.199 --> 00:40:46.360
and so yeah, they described undocumented workers being housed in

618
00:40:46.480 --> 00:40:52.639
every conceivable kind of shelter, ramshackle, abandoned old houses, barns, sheds,

619
00:40:52.760 --> 00:40:57.519
chicken coops, abandoned cars, caves, dug into canal banks, and tents.

620
00:40:58.960 --> 00:41:02.400
And so. Officers just described the ranchers threatening workers with

621
00:41:02.480 --> 00:41:04.800
Border patrol if they complained about their conditions. And of

622
00:41:04.840 --> 00:41:07.159
course we know these kind of things that happen, these

623
00:41:07.199 --> 00:41:10.000
abuses were happening, but that doesn't mean that Border Patrol

624
00:41:10.039 --> 00:41:12.480
had the well being of migrants in mind at all,

625
00:41:12.639 --> 00:41:16.199
of course not. Yeah, and even when they were supposedly

626
00:41:16.519 --> 00:41:22.519
helping to liberate migrants, they described migrants as simple minded, backward, pathetic,

627
00:41:22.559 --> 00:41:24.599
and oppressed people, like saying like, oh, these people need

628
00:41:24.679 --> 00:41:29.280
our help because they're they're pathetic, they're oppressed, they're simple minded,

629
00:41:29.639 --> 00:41:38.679
like they still they thought they were stupid. Yeah. In

630
00:41:38.719 --> 00:41:42.920
the nineteen sixties, Border Patrol focused its energy on persecuting

631
00:41:43.119 --> 00:41:49.440
undocumented Mexicans who had fraudulent documents. Many memos and correspondents

632
00:41:49.440 --> 00:41:52.719
from this time showed that the INS believed Mexicans had

633
00:41:52.760 --> 00:41:55.840
developed the new ways of entering the United States with

634
00:41:55.960 --> 00:41:58.960
fraudulent paperwork at official ports of entry as opposed to

635
00:41:59.239 --> 00:42:04.159
untagationed border crossings. Oh is this like using a cousin's

636
00:42:04.239 --> 00:42:08.000
birth certificate to pretend you were that cousin because maybe

637
00:42:08.000 --> 00:42:11.519
you're the same age. Yeah, yeah, I love that, though.

638
00:42:12.599 --> 00:42:16.840
You got to get create innovative. A Border patrol officer

639
00:42:16.960 --> 00:42:20.000
in La said, quote, the most difficult problem we have

640
00:42:20.159 --> 00:42:24.280
encountered is the detention of illegal Mexican aliens who have

641
00:42:24.360 --> 00:42:28.599
assumed the identity of US citizens and have acquired documents

642
00:42:28.639 --> 00:42:32.199
showing birth in the United States. It just grows the

643
00:42:32.199 --> 00:42:35.840
way it's like talked about, like the word aliens and

644
00:42:36.159 --> 00:42:41.599
trading people like a citizen people just people. Yeah, Like

645
00:42:41.639 --> 00:42:45.480
that's just create to me, crazy dehumanizing thing to say,

646
00:42:45.519 --> 00:42:51.039
but I agree normal for them. Yeah. In nineteen fifty eight,

647
00:42:51.079 --> 00:42:56.519
the established the Fraudulent Document Center in Yuma, Arizona, and

648
00:42:56.559 --> 00:43:01.079
by nineteen sixty four all officers were trained in document analysis,

649
00:43:01.559 --> 00:43:05.239
and so that was like a shift in who and

650
00:43:05.320 --> 00:43:08.559
how bar Patrol was persecuting or conducting like, you know,

651
00:43:08.719 --> 00:43:11.960
their work. And also during this time, the Border Patrol

652
00:43:12.119 --> 00:43:18.599
changed the way they viewed migrants so houseway well before

653
00:43:18.760 --> 00:43:21.840
when they were doing the raid that the ranches and

654
00:43:21.880 --> 00:43:26.800
the farms, burd Patrol viewed their large scale operations as

655
00:43:27.000 --> 00:43:30.400
liberating the simple minded and oppressed Mexican farm laborer from

656
00:43:30.440 --> 00:43:34.280
the evil ranchers, right right, right, and in the eyes

657
00:43:34.320 --> 00:43:38.639
of Bord Patrol, they triumphed against a former slavery like

658
00:43:38.719 --> 00:43:44.280
that's how they described their works. Stupid and like in

659
00:43:44.320 --> 00:43:47.159
their eyes, you know, they defeated, defeated this you know,

660
00:43:47.280 --> 00:43:51.199
forced slab type of Yeah, if I had such a terrible,

661
00:43:51.400 --> 00:43:54.039
like literally the most inhumane, worst job in the world,

662
00:43:54.079 --> 00:43:56.559
I would be in the US and would be making

663
00:43:56.559 --> 00:43:59.840
things up to make myself feel better too, right, right,

664
00:44:00.719 --> 00:44:03.840
and so like in their eyes, we stopped slavery. We

665
00:44:04.039 --> 00:44:08.000
legalized the remaining undocumented Mexican workers by making them paracettos.

666
00:44:08.079 --> 00:44:12.960
Mind you, it was miniscule the amount of Mexican Mexicans

667
00:44:12.960 --> 00:44:15.840
that were eligible to buda sottos. And also in their rise,

668
00:44:15.920 --> 00:44:18.360
they secured the border. So they did all this work, right,

669
00:44:18.679 --> 00:44:22.199
and so then to them, any migrant that dared to

670
00:44:22.320 --> 00:44:25.719
re enter the United States without authorization after being supported.

671
00:44:25.800 --> 00:44:29.679
That was criminal. And so this change in the way

672
00:44:29.719 --> 00:44:32.760
of thinking brought a new era to the border patrol,

673
00:44:33.159 --> 00:44:37.119
an era of criminalizing the Mexican migrant. So like it

674
00:44:37.199 --> 00:44:40.840
shifted from this oppressed, poor, starving person, like, oh, they

675
00:44:40.920 --> 00:44:45.800
just need a job to this criminal yes, okay, and

676
00:44:46.079 --> 00:44:48.679
kind of never left that. Like that's where we're we've

677
00:44:48.719 --> 00:44:52.840
been since then, and that's where we still are. Yeah.

678
00:44:53.440 --> 00:44:57.280
In nineteen fifty six, a chief enforcement officer from the

679
00:44:57.280 --> 00:45:01.559
Southwest Region instructed his officers to stop using the word wetback.

680
00:45:03.119 --> 00:45:06.159
He said the word wetback should be deleted from the

681
00:45:06.239 --> 00:45:10.320
vocabulary of all immigration officers. We have been aware for

682
00:45:10.440 --> 00:45:13.400
some time that the name wetback creates a picture in

683
00:45:13.440 --> 00:45:16.480
the minds of the public and the courts of a poor,

684
00:45:16.920 --> 00:45:21.000
emitiated Mexican worker entering the US illegally to feed a

685
00:45:21.039 --> 00:45:24.760
starving family at home. There may have been some justification

686
00:45:24.880 --> 00:45:26.800
to this view a few years ago, when we were

687
00:45:26.880 --> 00:45:31.000
invaded by hordes of just such people, But today it

688
00:45:31.039 --> 00:45:36.519
is I'm sorry, sounds like fucking zombies, right, Oh, actually

689
00:45:36.559 --> 00:45:42.719
on the zombie movie oftentimes is commentary on immigration. But

690
00:45:42.800 --> 00:45:46.519
today it is no longer true. Today's apprehensions consist in

691
00:45:46.599 --> 00:45:50.000
the main part of criminals, often vicious and type, and

692
00:45:50.159 --> 00:45:54.199
of hardened and defiant repeaters. In its place, a true

693
00:45:54.280 --> 00:45:57.480
designation should be used to both orally and otherwise in

694
00:45:57.519 --> 00:45:59.880
our contacts with each other, the public, and the par

695
00:46:00.280 --> 00:46:05.679
end quote not this is like the most cursed attempt

696
00:46:05.679 --> 00:46:08.840
that politically political correctness. Oh but that wasn't his attempt

697
00:46:08.840 --> 00:46:10.519
at all. His attempt was to be like, Okay, the

698
00:46:10.920 --> 00:46:14.199
word of wetback is associated with the poor worker who

699
00:46:14.239 --> 00:46:16.400
is just trying to get ahead in life. So he's like,

700
00:46:16.480 --> 00:46:19.000
that's not the case. We're dealing with criminals, so we

701
00:46:19.000 --> 00:46:21.280
have to change the language. Like, if we keep using

702
00:46:21.280 --> 00:46:23.480
this word wetback, that's the image that people think of.

703
00:46:23.559 --> 00:46:26.400
I'm sorry, what year is this. This was in nineteen

704
00:46:26.440 --> 00:46:30.719
fifty six. Yeah, we're still kind of far from I

705
00:46:30.760 --> 00:46:33.119
was expecting this to be like I was expecting this

706
00:46:33.199 --> 00:46:35.719
to be like the nineties, Like this is literally this

707
00:46:35.840 --> 00:46:38.119
is like when do you like, what do you mean?

708
00:46:38.599 --> 00:46:43.679
What do you mean? So, yeah, he was proposing his

709
00:46:43.800 --> 00:46:48.320
agents start referring to migrants as quote criminal aliens when

710
00:46:48.360 --> 00:46:52.960
they had a criminal record and as quote deportable aliens

711
00:46:53.000 --> 00:46:58.199
if they didn't, and so officers they start using criminal alien.

712
00:46:58.400 --> 00:47:01.599
But instead of using the term the portable alien, they

713
00:47:01.639 --> 00:47:06.519
started using a border violator, which it invokes images of

714
00:47:06.599 --> 00:47:12.360
again criminal. They're criminalizing the immigrant. Yeah. Yeah. This shift

715
00:47:12.440 --> 00:47:16.679
in language refocused the Border Patrol's mission to crime control

716
00:47:16.880 --> 00:47:20.679
by preventing the entry of so called criminal quote aliens

717
00:47:20.719 --> 00:47:24.280
and quote border violators into United States. So like, now

718
00:47:24.280 --> 00:47:26.159
that's how they view their work and the kind of

719
00:47:26.239 --> 00:47:30.599
like in this criminal space, whereas before wasn't as much right, right.

720
00:47:31.480 --> 00:47:35.239
The Border Patrol engaged in image control once again, this

721
00:47:35.320 --> 00:47:39.440
time by using public information officers to put stories of

722
00:47:39.519 --> 00:47:43.920
agents participating in anti smuggling and narcotic activities, and by

723
00:47:43.960 --> 00:47:49.159
propagandizing the youth. The Border Patrol established junior patrol clubs

724
00:47:49.360 --> 00:47:53.559
for boys and communities with border Patrol stations. That's disgusting.

725
00:47:55.280 --> 00:47:59.000
This is the indoctrination we should be worrying about. But

726
00:47:59.119 --> 00:48:03.679
now they're about drag queens instead. Yeah, I hate I

727
00:48:03.719 --> 00:48:06.599
hate this. I was gonna say something about this. Oh,

728
00:48:07.519 --> 00:48:11.599
this is a kin to when cops post, yeah, a

729
00:48:11.719 --> 00:48:17.599
drug bus and it's like dollars that are spread out right, Yeah,

730
00:48:17.639 --> 00:48:20.800
and in these programs, they pushed the message that border

731
00:48:20.840 --> 00:48:26.239
patrol was the first line of defense against crime. In

732
00:48:26.440 --> 00:48:30.159
some of their recruitment ads, they said, quote, the alien

733
00:48:30.159 --> 00:48:32.880
who violates our border is breaking the laws of this

734
00:48:33.000 --> 00:48:36.559
country and his own. Having broken one law, it is

735
00:48:36.599 --> 00:48:41.280
easier for him to break another. And I'm like this,

736
00:48:41.280 --> 00:48:43.679
this is the same shit they're saying now. And I'm like,

737
00:48:44.039 --> 00:48:46.960
get some new messaging, get a news logan like this

738
00:48:47.079 --> 00:48:49.920
is such old news. You're just repurposing the same fucking

739
00:48:50.039 --> 00:48:53.679
racist bullshit. And it's old, mind you. So distics show

740
00:48:53.760 --> 00:48:59.719
that immigrant communities commit less crimes than people born. Yeah,

741
00:48:59.719 --> 00:49:02.239
and it so strue back then. It's true now, and

742
00:49:02.400 --> 00:49:04.599
they really believe that they're doing that, like they they

743
00:49:04.639 --> 00:49:06.840
believe it's just like when people join the military and

744
00:49:06.840 --> 00:49:11.400
they really believe that they're presenting democracy. You know, you're

745
00:49:11.599 --> 00:49:19.840
educating the world that I was challenging inner in the Marine,

746
00:49:22.800 --> 00:49:25.639
where I said basically said that already that this messaging

747
00:49:25.679 --> 00:49:29.000
of immigration control as crime control continues to this day.

748
00:49:29.079 --> 00:49:33.239
Like I said, it's getting all the bitches. Yes. And

749
00:49:33.360 --> 00:49:37.519
this shift also brought new tactics since the INS was

750
00:49:37.559 --> 00:49:41.360
now dealing with criminals instead of migrants in their rise

751
00:49:41.440 --> 00:49:45.920
of course, mm, this sounds like it's gonna turn to

752
00:49:46.039 --> 00:49:50.880
more violence. Yeah. In April nineteen fifty six, the INS

753
00:49:51.079 --> 00:49:54.519
instituted a new policy in which all detained migrants would

754
00:49:54.559 --> 00:49:59.239
be strip searched. Instead of prepping detainees for deportation at

755
00:49:59.280 --> 00:50:03.760
the ten tenors, ions began holding all detainees until they

756
00:50:03.760 --> 00:50:07.199
could complete investigations into their criminal backgrounds. So it used

757
00:50:07.239 --> 00:50:09.039
to be mainly a processing center, and now they were

758
00:50:09.039 --> 00:50:12.440
holding people for longer and longer, which is until they

759
00:50:12.440 --> 00:50:16.079
paved the way to what it is now, yes, exactly.

760
00:50:17.320 --> 00:50:21.199
The INS also began taking the fingerprints of detainees and

761
00:50:21.360 --> 00:50:24.639
forwarding them to the FBI, and if the fingerprints were

762
00:50:24.639 --> 00:50:27.519
a hit at the FBI, then Border Patrol would begin

763
00:50:27.599 --> 00:50:33.360
prosecution proceedings against the migrants. In January nineteen sixty five,

764
00:50:33.639 --> 00:50:37.599
these policies started being applied to first time immigration offenders

765
00:50:37.639 --> 00:50:41.119
as well, and although the Border Patrol was focusing more

766
00:50:41.199 --> 00:50:45.280
on criminalization, their new endeavor didn't really seem worthwhile. A

767
00:50:45.480 --> 00:50:48.920
nineteen fifty seven internal report found that only three detainees

768
00:50:48.960 --> 00:50:52.679
per day qualified for criminal prosecution. Oh wow, so it's

769
00:50:52.719 --> 00:50:54.840
like the same bullshit like everything they do is like

770
00:50:54.880 --> 00:50:57.480
a waste of money, resources, in time and within the

771
00:50:57.519 --> 00:51:01.880
taxpayer's time, like nothing, Operation web Back. They lied, I

772
00:51:01.920 --> 00:51:08.599
think the results everything. Yeah, despite these abysmal numbers, Joseph

773
00:51:08.679 --> 00:51:12.119
Swing asked for an increased budget. So he was arguing

774
00:51:12.119 --> 00:51:16.119
that the criminal threat within the undocumented Mexican community demanded

775
00:51:16.159 --> 00:51:18.960
that the United States par patrol efforts along the United

776
00:51:19.000 --> 00:51:22.199
States Mexican border be adequately funded as a form of

777
00:51:22.559 --> 00:51:26.599
crime control. So basically basically saying like, oh, the demand

778
00:51:26.639 --> 00:51:29.199
is so high, like we have to have this money

779
00:51:29.199 --> 00:51:32.039
because these people are criminals. Blah blah blah. He's still lying,

780
00:51:32.400 --> 00:51:36.599
he's lying. Yeah, yeah. In order to convince Congress, Joseph

781
00:51:36.639 --> 00:51:41.119
presented grossly exaggerated numbers about criminal immigrants. Of course, just

782
00:51:41.159 --> 00:51:44.400
how we had grossly misrepresented the numbers for Operation Went Back.

783
00:51:44.719 --> 00:51:47.599
Of course, yeah, there's more detail in the book. But

784
00:51:47.800 --> 00:51:52.079
he lied about like migrants being violent, you know, offenders

785
00:51:52.199 --> 00:51:57.880
of sexual you know, abuse including of children, this and that.

786
00:51:57.960 --> 00:52:02.199
But he was exaggerating the numbers. In reality, like border

787
00:52:02.199 --> 00:52:05.280
patrol was doing most of these things. Yes, of course,

788
00:52:05.480 --> 00:52:08.559
everything they do, everything they say is a lie, and

789
00:52:08.599 --> 00:52:12.519
then they accuse every accusation as a confession that they say,

790
00:52:12.760 --> 00:52:14.840
that's exactly what I was trying to say, but I

791
00:52:14.880 --> 00:52:19.039
couldn't think of it. But yeah, further criminalization came and in

792
00:52:19.119 --> 00:52:21.800
the form of the Narcotics Act of nineteen fifty six.

793
00:52:22.320 --> 00:52:26.119
Among other things, the law established drug addiction and drug

794
00:52:26.199 --> 00:52:31.320
law violations as grounds for deportation. The drug trade did

795
00:52:31.400 --> 00:52:33.760
rise in Mexico, but like almost everything that goes wrong

796
00:52:33.800 --> 00:52:35.880
in the world, it could be tied back to United States,

797
00:52:36.400 --> 00:52:41.880
of course, so you're so right for that. During World

798
00:52:41.920 --> 00:52:44.239
War two, at the request of the United States, and

799
00:52:44.320 --> 00:52:48.119
Mexico became the main producer of opium and heroin, especially

800
00:52:48.159 --> 00:52:52.239
in the areas of Sinaloa, Sonora, and Durango, and these

801
00:52:52.239 --> 00:52:56.039
regions also produce marijuana and hemp, and hemp was like

802
00:52:56.039 --> 00:52:58.639
at the requests of the United States too. Then, after

803
00:52:58.719 --> 00:53:01.400
World War Two, the Demandic and the United States called

804
00:53:01.400 --> 00:53:04.800
for an end to opium production in Mexico, but the

805
00:53:04.840 --> 00:53:08.360
process of eradicating these fields was slow, and soon Mexico

806
00:53:08.440 --> 00:53:10.840
emerged as the main road between the United States, the

807
00:53:10.880 --> 00:53:14.239
world's largest consumer of drugs, and drug cartels in South America.

808
00:53:14.639 --> 00:53:16.679
So used to all come from South America, like there

809
00:53:16.719 --> 00:53:21.519
was not until Yeah, cartels in Mexico started, And all

810
00:53:21.559 --> 00:53:24.239
of this was going on during the rise of politicians

811
00:53:24.239 --> 00:53:28.199
focusing on law and order issues, which reinforced the Border

812
00:53:28.199 --> 00:53:32.719
Patrol as a federal crime control organization and its concentration

813
00:53:32.840 --> 00:53:35.519
in the United States Mexico borderline. So all of this

814
00:53:35.679 --> 00:53:39.159
was connected and basically pushing the Border Patrol as like

815
00:53:39.400 --> 00:53:43.960
crime control and the presence and focus again always focus

816
00:53:44.079 --> 00:53:48.920
on Mexicans basically right. On September twenty first, nineteen sixty nine,

817
00:53:49.039 --> 00:53:54.360
President Nixon launched Operation Intercept, during which for seven weeks,

818
00:53:54.760 --> 00:53:59.079
United States Border Patrol officers stopped all pedestrian and vehicular

819
00:53:59.159 --> 00:54:02.400
traffic at the border to check for drugs possibly being

820
00:54:02.440 --> 00:54:05.960
smuggled into the US. Of course, like most of these operations,

821
00:54:06.039 --> 00:54:09.320
it didn't actually yield great results. Yeah, I just wasted

822
00:54:09.360 --> 00:54:12.400
time and money, of course. Yeah, compared to the large

823
00:54:12.400 --> 00:54:16.440
scale operation, a minimal amount of drugs were found. But

824
00:54:16.800 --> 00:54:20.159
the Operation Intercept cemented the United States Mexico border as

825
00:54:20.159 --> 00:54:23.639
the primary site of the War on drugs, which, as

826
00:54:23.639 --> 00:54:28.920
we know, only expanded in later decades. And the war

827
00:54:29.000 --> 00:54:32.920
on drugs gave the Border Patrol justification more justification to

828
00:54:33.000 --> 00:54:36.639
persecute Mexicans and to get a bit with them, because now,

829
00:54:36.840 --> 00:54:39.199
right as they were trying to push this image, they're

830
00:54:39.199 --> 00:54:44.159
dealing with criminals now and now criminals with drugs. And

831
00:54:44.280 --> 00:54:46.920
just to give one example, on March eighteenth, nineteen eighty two,

832
00:54:47.079 --> 00:54:51.199
a Border Patrol officer whose name I couldn't find, opened

833
00:54:51.199 --> 00:54:55.559
fire on twenty five to thirty unarmed undocumented immigrants who

834
00:54:55.599 --> 00:54:59.880
were walking along the Nogales, Arizona border. And it's far

835
00:55:00.079 --> 00:55:03.239
you could see. They didn't face any consequences, of course not.

836
00:55:04.480 --> 00:55:08.960
And there's more examples in the book. Let's jump backwards

837
00:55:09.000 --> 00:55:13.400
again the nineteen seventies, when Bord Patrol was celebrating its

838
00:55:13.440 --> 00:55:17.480
fifty years. This brought an era of contingent and activism

839
00:55:17.519 --> 00:55:20.840
against Port Patrol. Gone were the days of the Mexican

840
00:55:20.880 --> 00:55:25.679
American population co signing their own harassment and discrimination. And this,

841
00:55:26.360 --> 00:55:29.239
I'm assuming coincise with the rise of the Chicano movement.

842
00:55:29.480 --> 00:55:33.159
Literally my next sentence, you bitch, Oh my god, yes

843
00:55:33.199 --> 00:55:37.280
it is okay. And during this time, once again the

844
00:55:37.400 --> 00:55:41.360
question of racial profiling by the Border Patrol garnered attention.

845
00:55:42.320 --> 00:55:48.679
On jun eleventh, nineteen seventy three, Felix Umberto Brignoni Bonze

846
00:55:49.360 --> 00:55:51.760
was driving with two of his friends when he was

847
00:55:51.800 --> 00:55:56.039
pulled over by two Bord Patrol officers. The officers reported

848
00:55:56.239 --> 00:55:59.239
pulling Felix and his friends over because they appeared to

849
00:55:59.239 --> 00:56:02.239
be of Mexican, which to them was enough to suspect

850
00:56:02.280 --> 00:56:06.000
them of crossing the border with the authorization. Felix ended

851
00:56:06.079 --> 00:56:08.880
up being a citizen, but his friends admitted to entry

852
00:56:08.920 --> 00:56:11.440
in the United States without authorization, and all three of

853
00:56:11.480 --> 00:56:16.599
them were arrested, Felix for quote knowingly transporting illegal immigrants,

854
00:56:17.679 --> 00:56:20.760
which was a felony, and his friends for illegal entry.

855
00:56:21.519 --> 00:56:24.239
Felix challenged his arrest on the grounds that the Border

856
00:56:24.239 --> 00:56:28.119
patrol violated his Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable search and seizure.

857
00:56:28.559 --> 00:56:31.440
He and his lawyers were arguing rightfully, in my opinion,

858
00:56:31.559 --> 00:56:35.079
that being of Mexican descent was insufficient evidence of having

859
00:56:35.199 --> 00:56:37.880
entered the country illegally, and the case made its way

860
00:56:38.119 --> 00:56:41.159
to the US Supreme Court, and as Kelly writes, the

861
00:56:41.280 --> 00:56:43.960
question before the court was not whether Felix and his

862
00:56:44.000 --> 00:56:47.119
friends committed a crime, but whether race was a legitimate

863
00:56:47.159 --> 00:56:53.559
tool of discretion when enforcing immigration laws, and ultimately, the

864
00:56:53.639 --> 00:56:57.119
court held that the Border Patrol's use of Mexican appearance

865
00:56:57.159 --> 00:57:01.079
as an indicator of having entered the country without authorization

866
00:57:01.280 --> 00:57:04.880
was reasonable when legitimate. Okay, so this is the second time,

867
00:57:05.440 --> 00:57:07.719
literally what I was going to bring up because I

868
00:57:07.719 --> 00:57:11.239
was gonna say so they've of course they've done it before,

869
00:57:11.320 --> 00:57:13.159
so like none of us should have been shocked that

870
00:57:13.239 --> 00:57:15.920
here we are yet again the third ruling by the

871
00:57:15.960 --> 00:57:19.599
US Supreme Court recently. One was probably like two three

872
00:57:19.599 --> 00:57:25.079
months ago that the Supreme Court essentially ruled it was

873
00:57:25.119 --> 00:57:28.400
okay for border patrol to racially profile Platinos. Well, that

874
00:57:28.519 --> 00:57:30.440
is the third time that they have made such a rule.

875
00:57:30.559 --> 00:57:42.920
The third time, yeah, yep. But protests and resistance against

876
00:57:42.920 --> 00:57:46.679
port patrol continued, as it always has, and it led

877
00:57:46.719 --> 00:57:50.239
to the US Commission on Civil Rights launching an investigation

878
00:57:50.360 --> 00:57:53.639
into the impact of immigration enforcement on the civil rights

879
00:57:53.679 --> 00:57:58.519
of the community, citizens and immigrants alike. Okay. The Commission

880
00:57:58.559 --> 00:58:01.039
found that there was corruption with in the ins and

881
00:58:01.199 --> 00:58:06.280
confirmed the Mexican community's allegations of harassment, discrimination, and use

882
00:58:06.360 --> 00:58:09.519
of excessive force by the Border patrol. And much like today,

883
00:58:09.559 --> 00:58:13.920
the community had formed counter surveillance groups to monitor the

884
00:58:13.920 --> 00:58:18.239
border patrol and protect the community. These groups are doing work. Oh,

885
00:58:18.320 --> 00:58:21.840
they are doing amazing work. Amazing work. And one of

886
00:58:21.840 --> 00:58:26.480
these groups, the Immigration Law Enforcement Monitoring a Project or ILIMP,

887
00:58:26.960 --> 00:58:31.719
found that between nineteen eighty seven and nineteen ninety so

888
00:58:31.840 --> 00:58:35.400
three years, there were over three hundred and eighty cases

889
00:58:35.440 --> 00:58:40.320
of excessive force, racial harassment, and sexual assault, largely perpetrated

890
00:58:40.360 --> 00:58:44.039
by border patrol officers. Wow, how how many you can

891
00:58:44.320 --> 00:58:50.239
three hundred and eighty cases? Okay. In another reform attempt

892
00:58:50.360 --> 00:58:54.199
in the late nineteen seventies, President Jimmy Carter appointed Leonell

893
00:58:54.320 --> 00:58:58.280
Castillo to lead THES and he oversaw many changes, including

894
00:58:58.320 --> 00:59:02.320
a massive turnover when some new federal regulations required all

895
00:59:02.440 --> 00:59:04.639
border patrol to retire when they reached the age of

896
00:59:04.639 --> 00:59:08.519
fifty five. After this mass turnover, white women and men

897
00:59:08.559 --> 00:59:11.119
and women of color began joining the border patrol, where

898
00:59:11.119 --> 00:59:15.840
they faced discrimination, violence, and harassment. A black officer who

899
00:59:15.920 --> 00:59:19.119
was promoted to a supervisor position shared stories of having

900
00:59:19.159 --> 00:59:21.880
shit rubbed in his car, being called the N word,

901
00:59:21.960 --> 00:59:26.599
and being told that he would be deported to Africa. Jesus,

902
00:59:26.679 --> 00:59:29.039
And this isn't in the book, but it reminded me

903
00:59:29.199 --> 00:59:33.719
of again. I've been keep talking about the video with

904
00:59:34.320 --> 00:59:37.920
Jen Budd who is a whistleblower with ICE and has

905
00:59:37.960 --> 00:59:42.400
a memoir. But she talked about being sexually assaulted when

906
00:59:42.400 --> 00:59:45.760
she joined ICE as a an initiation, and that it

907
00:59:45.840 --> 00:59:48.400
was a thing that they would rape and sexually assault

908
00:59:48.400 --> 00:59:51.320
all women who joined por patrol. This is the most

909
00:59:51.440 --> 00:59:55.599
violent organization. Yeah, and that's like you canparare in that

910
00:59:56.039 --> 00:59:59.119
to the cops and to the military, and yet they

911
00:59:59.239 --> 01:00:02.159
rise above the rain in the most violent and it's

912
01:00:02.199 --> 01:00:07.440
like this. This was one black former black Border Patrol

913
01:00:07.480 --> 01:00:10.000
agent who or officer who said this happened to him.

914
01:00:10.159 --> 01:00:13.039
Just yeah, there's more of course, like don't join these

915
01:00:13.239 --> 01:00:19.559
these organizations. Yeah. Yeah, And there was also a huge

916
01:00:19.559 --> 01:00:22.679
increase of Latinos joined in the Border Patrol by two

917
01:00:22.679 --> 01:00:25.239
thousand and eight. There was a decrease after you know,

918
01:00:25.280 --> 01:00:28.239
when I first talked about it, the early border patrol. Yeah,

919
01:00:28.320 --> 01:00:31.440
and even then there was I think only six people

920
01:00:31.480 --> 01:00:34.159
in the roster of nineteen thirty something, right, so it

921
01:00:34.239 --> 01:00:36.760
was like a mini school amount. But by two thousand

922
01:00:36.760 --> 01:00:39.480
and eight, fifty one percent of all Border Patrol were

923
01:00:39.559 --> 01:00:44.000
Latinos and they were primarily Mexican American fifty one percent. Yeah,

924
01:00:44.039 --> 01:00:46.119
and this was nogesting. I didn't look at current numbers,

925
01:00:46.159 --> 01:00:48.760
but I'm sure it's similar. Oh yeah, I don't doubt

926
01:00:48.760 --> 01:00:52.800
it at all. And some things did improve. For example,

927
01:00:52.920 --> 01:00:56.079
in nineteen ninety three, officers invested I guess had been

928
01:00:56.119 --> 01:00:59.440
reassigned to al Paso following a period of tension when

929
01:00:59.519 --> 01:01:03.000
bord Paturel would basically stock Bawi High School to harass

930
01:01:03.599 --> 01:01:07.360
students and the and this is obviously it was a

931
01:01:07.400 --> 01:01:12.679
primarily Mexican population of students. Yeah. The specific incident involved

932
01:01:12.719 --> 01:01:15.599
Border patrol officers stopping the car of the football coach

933
01:01:15.639 --> 01:01:19.199
ben Khamen Morillo, who had two of his players with him,

934
01:01:19.239 --> 01:01:24.039
so students. The assistant coach, Amesaga was driving by and

935
01:01:24.039 --> 01:01:26.920
when he saw Benhamin and the students being questioned, so

936
01:01:26.960 --> 01:01:30.199
he pulled over and Border patrol proceeded to point their

937
01:01:30.199 --> 01:01:35.280
guns at Kime and they're like, basically like stop interrupting

938
01:01:35.360 --> 01:01:37.000
or what is that worth? The interfeering that's the word

939
01:01:37.039 --> 01:01:39.440
they would say, interfering. You're interfewing with them, It should

940
01:01:39.440 --> 01:01:43.079
the fuck up. Benhamin helped the students he was with

941
01:01:43.199 --> 01:01:46.960
and six others to file restraining orders and an injunction

942
01:01:47.000 --> 01:01:49.679
against the Border patrol, and a judge ruled in their favor,

943
01:01:50.320 --> 01:01:53.440
meaning that bowi Hei was now free of any border

944
01:01:53.440 --> 01:01:56.559
patrol activity, basically becoming a sanctuary, like free of any

945
01:01:56.599 --> 01:02:00.480
border patrol because they won in court. Oh my god, amazing. Yeah,

946
01:02:00.519 --> 01:02:02.599
and so this was happening when he invested, i was

947
01:02:02.639 --> 01:02:05.559
reassigned to a passo and he went on to end

948
01:02:05.679 --> 01:02:10.079
the raids in the area. Wow, placing border patrol agents

949
01:02:10.079 --> 01:02:12.880
directly at the border instead of in the community, and

950
01:02:12.920 --> 01:02:16.679
what he called operation hold the line, Hold the line

951
01:02:16.960 --> 01:02:21.960
of the naming, hold line and stay there. Yeah. And

952
01:02:22.599 --> 01:02:25.079
this was seen as a positive change and was implemented

953
01:02:25.119 --> 01:02:31.159
across the borderlands. But while this had a positive impact

954
01:02:31.199 --> 01:02:33.880
in the borderline communities on the United States side of

955
01:02:33.920 --> 01:02:35.800
the border, like they were not being they were not

956
01:02:35.840 --> 01:02:38.559
facing raids, they were not being persecuted and harassed as much,

957
01:02:39.199 --> 01:02:42.039
it left to harm against migrants at the border because

958
01:02:42.079 --> 01:02:45.840
the increased presence of agents at the border led to

959
01:02:45.920 --> 01:02:49.880
migrants taking more dangerous paths into the US right, and

960
01:02:50.360 --> 01:02:54.559
between nineteen ninety four and two thousand, the Mexican Consulate

961
01:02:54.679 --> 01:03:00.559
reported approximately seventeen hundred migrant deaths along the border. And

962
01:03:00.719 --> 01:03:02.719
the book goes on to describe different ways but it's

963
01:03:02.760 --> 01:03:09.280
what we've talked about before, you know, dehydration, drowning, starvation, horrible,

964
01:03:09.559 --> 01:03:12.960
horrible things. Yeah, And of course there's a lot more

965
01:03:12.960 --> 01:03:15.239
to be said, like the expansion of the War on

966
01:03:15.320 --> 01:03:19.480
Drugs and the carsital State NAFTA ninety eleven, and the

967
01:03:19.559 --> 01:03:25.679
establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, which all greatly

968
01:03:25.760 --> 01:03:27.559
changed poor patrol. But that'd be like a whole other

969
01:03:27.639 --> 01:03:30.280
six episodes, right, So we are going to endings here.

970
01:03:30.360 --> 01:03:33.199
That's kind of where the book ends to. It describes

971
01:03:33.440 --> 01:03:37.599
when the Department of Homeland Security was established and the

972
01:03:37.679 --> 01:03:40.320
Border Patrol. What year was that. I mean, they've obviously

973
01:03:40.320 --> 01:03:42.840
haven't always they haven't always been around. It was after

974
01:03:42.920 --> 01:03:49.119
ninety eleven, okay, okay, And with DHS came ICE. Yeah right, okay. Oh,

975
01:03:49.159 --> 01:03:51.320
it says on March first, two thousand and three, the

976
01:03:51.519 --> 01:03:56.480
US Border Patrol was transferred to DHS. Okay, But it

977
01:03:56.480 --> 01:03:59.119
doesn't talk about ICE being created. But ICE was created

978
01:03:59.159 --> 01:04:02.559
around then too. And then in the part of the

979
01:04:02.599 --> 01:04:05.480
last pages of the book they talk about Muslims being

980
01:04:05.599 --> 01:04:08.360
targeted by DJAS and bor patrol through nine eleven. Two.

981
01:04:09.119 --> 01:04:13.159
Oh yeah, ICE was also created March twenty and three, Okay,

982
01:04:13.199 --> 01:04:14.440
so yeah, I was like around the same time, I

983
01:04:14.480 --> 01:04:17.760
think they established Dajas, they moved Bord Patrol under them,

984
01:04:17.760 --> 01:04:25.119
and they created Ice. But yeah, I mean that's where

985
01:04:25.239 --> 01:04:29.280
we will end this history of the border Patrol, knowing

986
01:04:29.320 --> 01:04:34.079
that they continue to ruin the lives of many. I mean,

987
01:04:34.159 --> 01:04:37.119
my takeaway is that the border Patrol is rooted in

988
01:04:37.199 --> 01:04:40.760
racism and violence, and history has shown us that it

989
01:04:40.800 --> 01:04:45.320
cannot be reformed. Because we talked about the Reformation hardly

990
01:04:45.320 --> 01:04:48.400
in Part two or three, and then now again in

991
01:04:48.440 --> 01:04:51.800
the seventies there was another reform attempt and trying to

992
01:04:51.880 --> 01:04:56.639
reform it their violence and their horrible racism. So yeah,

993
01:04:56.679 --> 01:04:59.559
you can't reform this. Yeah, and then you know people

994
01:04:59.559 --> 01:05:01.360
will be in like, well, then what do you think

995
01:05:01.519 --> 01:05:03.840
is the answer? And again we don't have to have

996
01:05:03.880 --> 01:05:06.400
the answers to know that the system as it exists

997
01:05:06.400 --> 01:05:09.280
today is wrong. Yeah, but I also believe that there

998
01:05:09.320 --> 01:05:15.480
should be no borders. Yes, migration is a human right exactly, exactly. Okay,

999
01:05:15.679 --> 01:05:19.679
So those are my thoughts. That's what we believe. You

1000
01:05:19.719 --> 01:05:21.320
don't have to believe that, but you have to know

1001
01:05:22.239 --> 01:05:27.440
fuck border Patrol. Yeah, and that they've always sucked. Yeah, exactly,

1002
01:05:28.039 --> 01:05:32.679
and again, yeah, rooted in racism and a traditional violence.

1003
01:05:34.280 --> 01:05:38.559
And yeah, I think if anything, this whole all this richer. Sorry,

1004
01:05:38.679 --> 01:05:42.400
all this research that you've done has taught me that

1005
01:05:42.440 --> 01:05:47.840
they've always been terrible. Yeah, and now it's more public,

1006
01:05:47.880 --> 01:05:51.280
we're seeing it at a wider scale, and people, different

1007
01:05:51.320 --> 01:05:54.119
groups of people are now afraid that they can be next.

1008
01:05:54.719 --> 01:05:58.079
And we're hearing people say, oh, this is the Gestapo,

1009
01:05:58.199 --> 01:06:02.199
this is Trump's personality police. But they've always done things

1010
01:06:02.239 --> 01:06:04.599
like this, right, we're talking about in the thirties that

1011
01:06:04.719 --> 01:06:08.239
people were comparing them to the Gestapo. Yeah, so for

1012
01:06:08.360 --> 01:06:12.280
the forties, forties, yeah, and yeah, so just yeah, they've

1013
01:06:12.280 --> 01:06:13.880
always been like this. We're just seeing it at a

1014
01:06:13.880 --> 01:06:17.159
bigger scale now, which is yeah, it is worse, but

1015
01:06:17.199 --> 01:06:21.679
it's not new, right to me, it seems that way.

1016
01:06:23.280 --> 01:06:25.800
It is that way. I have to say, my favorite

1017
01:06:25.800 --> 01:06:29.320
part of all this was the guy who was like, yeah,

1018
01:06:29.360 --> 01:06:33.239
this is a Mexican footsteps, not to make a video

1019
01:06:33.239 --> 01:06:38.119
about that. Yeah, he was walking very mexicanly. You know what,

1020
01:06:38.320 --> 01:06:40.920
the next time you're taking a step, ask yourself, am

1021
01:06:40.960 --> 01:06:45.639
I walking mexicanly enough? Yeah? Forget loving mexicanly? Think about

1022
01:06:45.679 --> 01:06:50.119
walking mexicanly, well, that footstep identify me as a Mexican.

1023
01:06:53.119 --> 01:06:57.800
So yeah, yeah, next episode will be I'm hoping Operation

1024
01:06:58.920 --> 01:07:02.280
Loan Stars. That's yeah, I think so. Yeah, maybe I'll

1025
01:07:02.320 --> 01:07:04.320
try and get a little bit of the creation of

1026
01:07:04.320 --> 01:07:07.119
Ice too. We'll see, Yeah, we'll see, we'll see, we'll see,

1027
01:07:07.159 --> 01:07:09.320
we'll see. But yeah, and then hopefully we'll move on

1028
01:07:09.400 --> 01:07:14.079
to other depressing history. Yeah, let us know your thoughts, like,

1029
01:07:14.320 --> 01:07:17.840
did you learn anything new about Border Patrol? Do you

1030
01:07:17.840 --> 01:07:21.559
hate them even more? Now? The only option is yes

1031
01:07:22.400 --> 01:07:29.079
yeah our poll yes no, yes, strong yes. Yeah. I've

1032
01:07:29.119 --> 01:07:34.639
been seeing comments on these episodes. Someone commented about on

1033
01:07:34.800 --> 01:07:37.880
I forgot what the comment said, but on the like

1034
01:07:38.119 --> 01:07:41.960
dying when they heard about the walking like a Mexican,

1035
01:07:42.039 --> 01:07:44.639
like that's a Mexican footstep, Like, oh, I didn't realize

1036
01:07:44.679 --> 01:07:49.039
I wasn't walk in that way. So yeah, other than that,

1037
01:07:49.199 --> 01:07:51.800
Wild Carman, thanks for all this work that you did

1038
01:07:51.880 --> 01:07:54.599
for this series. It's a struggle, I know, I know.

1039
01:07:54.639 --> 01:07:58.559
That's why I'm thanking you publicly. You're welcome, yes, yes,

1040
01:07:59.000 --> 01:08:02.079
and then yeah, a reminder that when this comes out,

1041
01:08:02.159 --> 01:08:05.239
you can still see us never still see us in

1042
01:08:05.280 --> 01:08:09.840
person and Vivo and Vivo in Yakoma, Washington for the

1043
01:08:09.960 --> 01:08:12.480
Googui is going to get you event where we're going

1044
01:08:12.559 --> 01:08:15.760
to be in a spooky capacity, not a history capacity,

1045
01:08:15.840 --> 01:08:18.520
but we're gonna be telling scary stories. Come say hi,

1046
01:08:18.560 --> 01:08:21.520
I come through and maybe you'll see us walking around

1047
01:08:21.560 --> 01:08:24.800
Seattle as well in the next week or so. Yeah. Yeah,

1048
01:08:25.279 --> 01:08:27.760
don't be afraid to say hi. But you're if you're

1049
01:08:27.760 --> 01:08:30.520
a nice agent, don't come here. No, I mean, what

1050
01:08:30.560 --> 01:08:38.239
are you doing here anyway? If you are? I hope. Okay,

1051
01:08:38.279 --> 01:08:41.319
Let's end this before we start saying more mease, Okay, okay,

1052
01:08:41.600 --> 01:08:43.279
we hope this is the one. Let's the Study Unknown

1053
01:08:43.279 --> 01:08:49.600
for you. Bye bye. Astorias Are Known is produced by

1054
01:08:49.680 --> 01:08:53.399
Carmen and Christina, researched by Carmen and Christina, edited by Christina.

1055
01:08:53.680 --> 01:08:56.319
You can find sources for every episode at Storia Unknown

1056
01:08:56.359 --> 01:08:59.359
dot com and in our show notes. Creating the podcast

1057
01:08:59.479 --> 01:09:00.520
is a lot of work, so if you want to

1058
01:09:00.520 --> 01:09:03.119
help us out financially, you can do so by supporting

1059
01:09:03.199 --> 01:09:06.840
us on Patreon at Patreon dot com, slash Studies and

1060
01:09:06.920 --> 01:09:07.479
own podcast