Aug. 29, 2024
Culebra Island
The US Navy tried to take over the island of Culebra, but after years being displaced and harmed, the Culebrenses fought back. This is the story of how the US Navy was kicked out of Culebra Island.
If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email...
The US Navy tried to take over the island of Culebra, but after years being displaced and harmed, the Culebrenses fought back. This is the story of how the US Navy was kicked out of Culebra Island.
If you have topic suggestions, feel free to email Historiasunknownpodcast@gmail.com or use the contact us form on the website https://www.historiasunknown.com/contact/
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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by NeffexSources
Sources
https://youtu.be/Sutl41skt5I?si=6sPjsv_SJjpREmGn
https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-tanks-of-flamenco-beach-culebra-puerto-rico
https://theatlasnews.co/conflict/2022/09/16/on-island-of-culebra-us-navy-bombings-leave-scars/
https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/puerto-ricans-expel-united-states-navy-culebra-island-1970-1974
https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getfile/collection/p16021coll7/id/19665
https://cafe.com/article/the-navy-is-a-ghost-puerto-rican-rights-and-the-1970s-battle-for-culebra/
Book mentioned: Target Culebra by Richard D. Copaken
WEBVTT
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Hi. Everyone. Do they say that weird? No, but you
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didn't say this is Carmen. Oh sorry, I'm like what? Oh?
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Thank god? I'm like, are you gonna finish that? Hi? Everyone,
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This is Carmen. I'm Christina and this is Estodia's Unknown,
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a podcast where we talk about Latin American history. Sometimes
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it's horrible and deals with heavy topics like racism, corruption,
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and genocide. But more than that, it's also our resistance,
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power and community. And I'm sorry if you can hear
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my children in the background, it's okay, it's okay. We're
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used to it. At least it should be by now true,
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especially they listen to all of our podcasts. Yeah, they
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are in They're part of the Christina Cinematic Universe. Yeah.
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Didn't we have another name for it or the Christina Verse? Yeah? Yeah. Okay.
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So we've talked about, or you've told us me and
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the listeners about Viecues before I have. But did you
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know that Viees was inspired by another island in Puerto Rico. No,
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I had no idea, but I'm not surprised that the
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United States would have another military based on Puerto Rico,
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where they were I don't know bombing people. Yes, that
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is correct. So we're talking about Culebra Island today and
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when they kicked the navy out, which we love. I
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love it. Yeah, yeah, how did this happen? I was
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listening to Behind the Bastards. I'm hell behind on their episodes,
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so I was listening. It's not the most recent ones,
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and I already forgot what the title was, but it's
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about an island that the British Empire basically ruined. They
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took over it and they kicked all the people out.
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And I don't remember what the island is called, so
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you know, don't ask me that, but as you yeah,
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but in I don't remember if it was part one
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or part two, but they mentioned Culebra Island and how
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the people from Culebra kicked the navy out, and that's
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when the alarm bells rang. You're like, Gulebra Island, I
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must know now, and you just started timping away. Yeah,
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that's how that happened. As we know, and we've talked
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about there's a long, long, long history of colonization in
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Puerto Rico, and I feel like you touched on that
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a little bit, probably in the Vicas episode or maybe
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in another one, yeah, in the Vicas episode and then
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also a little bit in our Dusty Rhodes episode, right right,
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So yeah, I mentioned that Culebra Island has a similar
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history to Vics, only kind of like a predecessor, as
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in they were the first ones to kick out the Navy,
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so it happened before. Yeah. So the United States first
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lated greed little eyes on Culebra Island in eighteen sixty
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seven when they tried to unsuccessfully buy the island from Spain.
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But soon that didn't matter because in eighteen ninety eight,
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I don't know it was, I saw eighteen ninety eight
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and nineteen oh one, and anyway, that was a Spanish
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American war, and so the US, you know, won that
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war and took possession of Puerto Rico. And after that,
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Roosevelt allocated all of the public land in Culebra to
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the Navy, and soon the residents of Culebra or Gulevents
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began experiencing daily bombings because the Navy used the island
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to train for test landings, ground maneuvers, and bombing practice,
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and this led to many culibrentas being physically harmed, losing limbs,
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and as well as losing access to previously public places
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like the now popular and also then popular Flamenco Beach.
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It's just a really beautiful beach and they had, you know,
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just access to the speech before and now they didn't
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because of the Navy. Yeah. I wonder, and maybe you'll
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get into it, but if it affected also their livelihood,
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because I know Vicus, Oh yeah, yeah, yeah it did. Okay.
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I don't really get too much into it because then
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all the science was like bogging down my brain. But
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you know, when there's bombing, chemicals seep into everything, the environment,
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the ocean, the reefs, killing the fish, harming the environment.
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So yeah, this did harm the livelihood and how they
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sustained themselves, which is largely through fishing. Okay, so yeah,
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same like Vicus. Yeah. In nineteen thirty five, fifteen year
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old Alberto Beenya Garcia was killed from a grenade while
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playing on the beach. Oh my god, I know. And
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then the following year, in nineteen thirty six, Vincento Romero
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lost an arm from a grenade left on the beach
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after military training. Wow, oh my god. And I'm sure
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there was more, but these are just the ones I
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saw from my research. Right at some point before the
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nineteen forties, It was not clear to me what year
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the Marines moved their training exclusively to Veeks while the
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Navy remained in Kulebra. Oh yeah. After nineteen forty one,
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Culibrens experienced even more bombings to to Roosevelt claiming exclusive
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airspace around the island and the development of jet Oh
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I forgot to look up how to pronounce it. It's
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either straffing or strafing. Oh, I don't know what's a mean.
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That means the military practice of attacking around targets from
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a low flying aircraft using aircraft mounted automatic weapons. So
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basically mew techlogi achnology where they could shoot from I
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don't know, weapons mounted onto the plane. Yeah, right right
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onto ground. So by the nineteen fifties, the civilian population
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of the island had reduced from four thousand and nineteen
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hundred to only five hundred eighty in the fifties. Okay, wow,
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that's a huge, huge drop. Yeah. Part of this had
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to do with coulabrentes losing their houses because of eminent domain,
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which we have talked about before. Oh my god, imminent
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not this bitch showing up again. Imminent domain. This fucking
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bitch Eminent Domain. Seriously, you know, I really I really
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need to make that bingo card. Oh, because we needed
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one for like US military. We need another one a
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little slot for eminent Domain as well. Yeah yeah, because
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it has come up and so many episodes already. Yeah.
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So yeah. Basically through Eminent Domain, the Navy took control
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and had control of a third of the island and
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of all of the coastline. So wow. Colibdent has lost
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their homes or were displaced, I guess from their homes.
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For years, residents of kulebra knew no peace. They were
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bombed relentlessly. In nineteen sixty nine, coulibrentes were bombed two
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hundred and twenty eight out of two hundred and sixty
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five days of the year. Oh my god, that's almost
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every day. Yeah, and sometimes they were bombed multiple times
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in one day. Oh my god. Yeah. I mean, like
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you said, there's no peace at that point. Yeah, Like
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that's like your background noise is just bombs out, their
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bombs and yeah, sure you know they're not being aimed
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at you, but you don't know if you're going to
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get hurt by what or not. There's already so many
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well exactly. Yeah, so, like besides being laced, being hurt
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you know, physically by the bombs, So it didn't happen
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that often, but it happened enough. Yeah. Yeah. Their homes
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were damaged obviously from the bombing, so their windows often broke.
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The cattle that they had, if they had cattle, were scared,
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so they ran terrified stampedes of cattle, and they tore
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down fences, damaged property, and the Navy refused to compensate
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for any damages. I was gonna say, and I imagine
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the Navy is not paying for any of this. Yeah,
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those broke bitches, no, not broke pitches, stingy bitches. Yeah, yeah,
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stingy because they still refused to pay for cleaning the
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mess they made in Vehicus. Yeah, and so yeah, the
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Culabrenses way of life was completely disturbed. They could no
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longer fish for their foods, and slabster traps and fishing
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nets were destroyed and dead fish washed ashore, and they
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could even go swimming without needing approval from the Naval
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Observation Post or they would face a five thousand dollars
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fine or jail time. Wow. By nineteen seventy Gulabrentes had
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had enough, especially when the navy tried to evacuate the
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entire population. They tried to kick everyone off the island. Yeah,
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they tried to kick everybody off the island. And that
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was actually the second time they tried doing that. Second
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time they tried kicking everyone out of the island. And
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that's what So in the episode I listened to behind
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the Bastards, that's what the British did to this island.
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The island you don't remember the name of, Yeah, I
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want to say it started with an M or where
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it was? Maybe should find it, you know, like a
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region in the world where this island was. Nar Was
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it okay? I don't nar Was it a Latin American country?
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Nod Eastern? I don't know where the island was. Oh,
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here it is, okay. See, that's the last time I
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listened to, Oh the Chagos Islands. Okay. So it says
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how the British The title of the episode, it's the
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last time I listened to so and it's from June.
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So that's why I said I was behind anyway. So
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it's a two part episodes and it's titled how the
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British Empire and oh, I forgot the US was also
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involved anyway, but of course they were right. They're always
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in cahoods, these two. So it's called how the British
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Empire and US Department of Defense murdered an island paradise
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And yeah, so it's about the Chagos Island and I
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don't remember where they are, but what I do remember
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is that enslaved Africans ended up on this island. I
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don't remember how, and basically they made this island their
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own and it was this beautiful, beautiful paradise where they
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lived communally. They weren't used to like you know, the
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rest of the world, like capitalism things like that. And
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then the British forced themselves onto this island because there
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was a strategic place for them, I don't know, military wise,
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and so basically they kicked everybody out of the island
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and the people from Chago's ended up in Britain. But
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they didn't even tell the people from Chago's Islands that
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they were entitled to a citizenship, because then they would
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have to tell them that they kicked them out. And like,
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basically these people were laughing nothing wow. And I don't
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remember if it was in part one or part two,
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but they talk about Culebra Island and how they basically
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fought back against this happening to them, because that's like
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the colonizer dream, kicking you off through land and then
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like having nothing to do with them and helping them
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do nothing. Yeah, so of course this is what they
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wanted to do. So Yeah, in the mid nineteen fifties,
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the US Navy proposed to evict all of Kulebra's residents
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in order to expand the military base, but the Puerto
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Rican government resisted, saying that according to US law, a
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popular vote needed to happen to abolish the municipality of Culebra.
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So they're like, you can't just kick us out, like
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we have to agree as the Puerto Rican government to
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get rid of this municipality. And yes, So that was
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the first time, and then the second time they wanted
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to do that again, the people were like, fuck this ship.
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And the second time was nineteen seventy. Yeah, nineteen seventy.
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So the residents of Culebra fought back through civil disobedience.
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I love some civil disabiliens. We love us some civil
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disobedience and more of that, we really do more. Yeah,
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Culibranes held protests on the beaches, and after a court
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upheld the Navy's right to use Culebra as a military base.
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The court, the US Court sided with the US Navy. Yeah, yeah, yeah,
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of course. Okay, So after that, you know, the gulib
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Dances were pissed off, rightfully, so they marched to a
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local command post and threatened in the navy with an
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ultimatum they would use direct action to force the removal
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of the Navy. And they did that. Okay, Like what
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was the ultimatum, leave now or will make you leave?
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They said, leave or we're gonna make your lives hell.
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We're not gonna let you work. Basically, we're going to
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protest and protests and protests and show up here every day. Yeah,
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that was ultimatum. And while the protests were going on,
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at the same time, the Puerto Rican Senate passed a
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resolution asking then President Nixon to reevaluate the Navy's presence
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on the island. So there was like multiple avenues of
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like fighting this right, So throughout the summer and for
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seven months straight, the Colabrentes. In March, they held sit end,
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they created blockades with the goal of ending US Navy
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occupation in June nineteen seventy twenty Colabrentes. They created a
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human chain to block ship to shore missile fire. Then
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a three day long encampment was held, which attracted two
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hundred people. Wow. And the encampment was organized by the
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Puerto Rican Independence Party, which was led by Ruben Berrios Martinez.
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And so yeah, I mean they held protests. After protests,
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they blocked ships basically, right, Yeah, And like a lot
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of the any type of training that has to do
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with life, gunfire you cannot start if someone is in
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the range. And so they're blocking this training by standing
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where the gunfire is supposed to be happening. And I
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love that. And then yeah, they hold that encampment basically
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just being in the way, which is what you need
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to do. So then the Navy tried to make a
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deal with the Puerto Rican Independence Party like okay, like
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stop doing all this and we'll let you guys have
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thirty five jobs, Like we'll take over the island still
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and you guys, thirty five of you can work here.
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What a shit deal? That was their deal? Like, no,
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take that deal and show it up your asks exactly exactly.
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So yeah, of course, the Perdekins were like, no, thank you,
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and in response they picketed at a proposed demolition site.
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So yeah, like, protests continued, and the following year, in
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nineteen seventy one, the Pretty Rican Independence Party organized our
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march to the entrance of the Navy base and then
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another action with the help of Rescue Culebra Committee, the
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Clergy Committee to Rescue Culebra and a Quaker action group.
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And honestly, Quakers are always always like doing this kind
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of stuff, which I love. They're always showing up. Yeah,
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Like whenever you hear a movement, it's surprising Quakers if
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the Quakers are not involved, right, right, even in like
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the US and the anti abolitionist movements, the Quakers were
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