Jan. 16, 2025
A Brief History of the Panama Canal Zone (Part One)
The Panama Canal is now controlled by Panama, but before that, France and then the United Stated coveted and gained control of the zone, to develop the canal. Many lives were lost during the development of the canal, and many were displaced for the...
The Panama Canal is now controlled by Panama, but before that, France and then the United Stated coveted and gained control of the zone, to develop the canal. Many lives were lost during the development of the canal, and many were displaced for the creation of the canal. The role of Panama in its own development is often forgotten or minimized.
In part one, Carmen tells Cristina about the French development of the canal and the eventual US takeover of the project, to give us context to eventually talk about the displacement of Panamanian towns for the development of the canal.
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Music Credit: Hustlin (Instrumental) by Neffex
Sources:
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/panama-canal
Erased: The Untold Story of the Panama Canal by Marixa Lasso
https://www.instagram.com/reel/DEmtX9vOroL/?igsh=MTc4MmM1YmI2Ng%3D%3D
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/tr-panama/
https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/national-international/a-history-of-the-panama-canal-and-why-the-us-cant-just-take-it-back/3707946/
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WEBVTT
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Hi everyone.
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This is Carmen and Christina and this is Estudia is Unknown,
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a podcast where we talk about Latin American history. Sometimes
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it's horrible and deals with heavy topics like racism, corruption,
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and genocide. But more than that, it's also about resistance,
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power and community. Wow, it's like we haven't recorded ever.
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That's what it feels like.
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Honestly, I was even asking you, like, wait, did we
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have an episode last week? It feels like we haven't
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recorded in forever. But yeah, yes, we did have an
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episode of last week.
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I think because.
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Recorded in Spanish and so it's like a different intro.
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You know, it doesn't even feel real.
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I'm just scary.
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Yeah, it feels like a fever dream, especially when I
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can't pronounce words, you know, yes, yes, Anyway, what is
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today about? Will Christina? Today we are talking about the
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Panama Canal, which has been kind of like a hot
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topic a little bit because really have a certain someone
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who is back to terrorize all of our lives. Yep, unfortunate,
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very And I'm gonna save the dumb ass, fucking dumb
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shit that Trump has said about the Panama Canal for
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a later part because this is going to be a
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part or I don't know how many parts yet. I'm
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hoping just too.
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But yeah, you never know. We'll see.
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Yeah, Okay, I guess I'll get into it unless you
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have something to say before. I don't think so, you know,
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I feel like we don't Okay, I was gonna say,
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I feel like we don't talk about Panama enough. No,
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you're right, I mean other than our last Panama episode,
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the Invasion of Panama, which is also a bunch of bullshit,
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you know, Yeah, we haven't really talked about it. I
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think that was our first and only time.
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Yeah.
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Yeah, all right, well let's get into it.
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Yeah.
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The Panama Canal is a ten mile strip of land,
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five miles on each side of the canal, and for
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a long time the zone belonged to the US, who
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acquired it through the I Boo now Bardiya Treaty. Okay,
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pretty sure, that's how you say that. Those are the
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last names the Treaty of nineteen o three and maintained
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control of it pretty much until nineteen ninety nine, when
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full control was given to Banama. Control of the Banama
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Canal by the US is marked by displacement of and
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discrimination against Panamanians and immigrants from like the West Indies
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and Jamaica who were largely black, as well as destruction
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of the local environment. Right, what do you mean that
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US has brought up on racism, destruction of someone else's
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land and more.
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They never do that. I'm shocked.
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Before the development and creation of the Panama Canal, the
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area was one of the most densely populated areas of Panama,
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but by the nineteen seventies, most of these towns, like
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Gatun and others had been largely forgotten by Panamanians, essentially
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erased and quick side note. I learned about this topic
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from a book, a historical historical fiction book called The
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Great Divide by Christina Anriquez. And this is the second
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book I read of hers. The first one I think
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you read it too, the Book of Unknown Americans a
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long time ago, Yes, and I loved that book.
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It was fun.
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Yeah, And this book is similar in that it follows
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like a cast of characters and set during this time,
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during the development of the Panama Canal, once the US
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has taken over the development of it, and it follows
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like different people in the area, Like one of them
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is a doctor who went to Panama to try to
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eradicate yellow fever or malary adam bro which one it
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was probably both, honestly, yeah. And then another one is
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a younger woman who immigrated I want to stay from
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Jamaica to Panama to try and make more money for
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her family because her sister's sick with some like illness
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that whatever needs they need money for. And then another
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one is a young man who makes his dad mad
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because his dad is against the Panama Canal because he
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believes it's going to ruin Panama, which he was right.
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And he was right, yeah, and he was not wrong.
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And this young man gets into a tiffy with his
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dad because his dad doesn't agree with him working and whatever.
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Like different characters, young man is building the Panama Canal.
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He's working, yeah, in the in the canal. And that's
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that's where you first learned about the Panama Canal. I
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already knew about the Pandama Canal. Everyone knows about Panic Canal.
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I'm the canal. I thought that's where I was like,
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that's no, no, no, where I was going was anyway, okay.
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I was inspired to learn more about it because of
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this book. One of the characters that made me want
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to look more into it was because I knew the
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existence of the Panama Canal, right obviously, and one of
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the things we learned, yeah, like the US was like
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I don't know, yeah, I mean for it, yeah, And
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I knew the US role with the canal like a
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little bit now a lot.
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Yeah.
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But one of the female characters in the book lives
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in the city I want to say, she lives in
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the city of Cologne, but she's from Gatoon, and she
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says just her visits her sister there often, and during
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one of her visits, she learned that the residents of
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Gatun are being asked to leave for the development of
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the Panama Canal, and so she gathers her neighbors to
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protests because they've already heard of other smaller towns that
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have been asked to move and have moved and they're like, no,
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we're going to fight against this, and so okay. Learning
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about that and the protests that they did, because obviously
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the author Christina Antiquez did her research for the book too, right,
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that made me want to look into them, like, obviously
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people protested this, like they didn't find no one just
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left give up. Yeah, Yeah, that's what led me to
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the topic. Okay, And so by looking like up different
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stories about this, I found my main source erased the
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Untold Story of the Panama Canal by Mariksa. Lasso, And
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it's really the only book that goes into these depipulated towns.
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We're not talking about the depipulation today, yes, today, not yet.
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First we need some context. Let me just say that
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Carmen has been researching this. No, it's not that I've
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been researching it. It's that I've been reading. Karmen has
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been promising to research this. You've been reading the book
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that counts as research. That is literal research for this.
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Right, I guess.
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But I guess when I think of researching, I'm like
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looking stuff up and it's like I wasn't looking anything.
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I was finishing a book. Yeah, I mean for true, Yeah, yeah,
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I was.
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I've been reading this book since November. Yeah, and I
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didn't think it was going to take me so long,
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but it was. It was a little on the dry side. So, yeah,
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we need some context before we talk about the depopulation
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of the towns for the canal zone. So we're going
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to talk a bit about how the Panama Canal came
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to be under US control. Right, So, yeah, I mentioned
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that the US acquired the canal in nineteen oh three,
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but initially back in eighteen eighty one, the building of
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the canal was a French effort through a company called
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the French French Company Universal. The canal canal into the top.
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You say that, I don't know, I don't know how
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to say it. French Company Universal, probably canal International, I'm
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guessing it's what that word is. And it looks like
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international anyway, a French company. And this was led by
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Ferdinand the Lesseps, the builder of the Swiss canal in Egypt.
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Have you heard of the hot another another? Yeah, another
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canal that's place that lends itself for imperialism.
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Yeah yeah, yeah.
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And a certain country that we shall not name that's
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not really a country, but it wants it. It's demanding
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to be and terrorizing the world. Right, stop, right, I
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wonder what you're talking about. I'm just kidding. I know
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you're talking about Israel. Yes, yeah, yeah, I got that.
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So Ferdinand's plan was to build a sea level canal
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along the path of the Panama Railroad, which is another
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story of colonization and a perilysm in the name of capitalism.
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That's the topic list.
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Yeah, so, uh yeah. The plan was to build a
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canal along the already existing path of the Panama Railroad,
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and Ferdinand estimated that it would cost around one hundred
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and thirty two million dollars and twelve years to complete.
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But the western desire to build a canal in Central
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America goes even further back than the eighteen eighties, as
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early as the sixteenth century. And I didn't look up
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to see when the sixteenth century starts. Would that be
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sixteen hundred?
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I don't know.
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I think of the seventeen hundred. Okay, that makes sense
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whatever it is. So actually, I guess I could have
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known because then President Eusses Grant, So maybe that'll help
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put a time to this other than sixteenth century. I
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don't know whenever he was president. I didn't look that
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up either. I don't remember, like I vaguely know, but
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I don't. Are you sure it was the sixteenth century?
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That sounds too early. Well, okay, as early as the
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sixteenth century there was talks of this, I see, I
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see of a canal, wanting of them wanting to build
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a canal. And then Lysses S Grant was president during
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eighteen sixteen nine to eighteen seventy seven. I see, so
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talks of this desire to build a canal went as
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back at sixteenth century, since people were traveling from the
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Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
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That's what I thought.
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Okay, so the sixteenth century would have been like the
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start of colonization of the Americas because he was fifteen
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oh one to sixteen hundred, and because it took so long,
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you know, to get from one side to the other, right.
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That had to go all the way around and South America.
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Yeah, yeah, so that's how far back I guess it
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started right like this, this wants to build the right now.
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It was a very long voyage, and with the canal
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in Central America, they could cut so much time. Right,
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So when uleases as Grant became president, not even that
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long he was president that he did this, but he
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sent steven expeditions to explore the possibility of building a canal.
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But that didn't really go anywhere. But as time went
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on and travel and trade increased, the desire for a
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care Now.
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It's not what I said.
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It sounded like you said crazy. No, I said, increased okay,
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it just sounded wrong.
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Okay.
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So as time went on and travel and trade increased,
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the powers that be felt the need for a canal
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even more. Since travel and trade were increasing at this point,
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like we already mentioned, it took forever to travel from
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the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. So this meant
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less money, right, because because time is money. Yeah, yeah,
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you get it. Everything goes back to money. So it
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was not only the desire for faster trips to build
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the canal, but also because the Swiss Canal was making
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so much money for its investors that Fernand believed a
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canal in Central America would also yield the same kind
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of money for its investors. And the financial success of
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the Panama Railroad was also a motivating factor for Ferdinand.
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In its first six years of operation, it made over
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seven million dollars, and that was so much money that
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not even these sixteen thousand plus people that had died
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building Umorro road lessened his excitement about the money he
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could make. Oh, of course, now, the money that could
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create everything. Plus, in their eyes, this was just a
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bunch of brown people that died, So they don't don't care.
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They're not even people right in their eyes, yeah, in
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their eyes, yes, yes, So the French hacked the jungle
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and made a path in which they would start digging, right,
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and they began their work on January twentieth, eighteen eighty two,
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with work crews consisting mostly of black Panamanians. Well then
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they were Colombians, right, and Indian laborers. And I didn't
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know if it meant from like the West Indies or
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like people from India. I didn't look into that, right,
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It's hard to know at the time, so that they're
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referring to just indigenous people anywhere, or I don't think
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they meant indigenous people because there was like a lot
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of foreign people working going into this yah, that's true.
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Because of Panama's location, there was a lot already, a
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lot of different performers like externa kittos, Yeah, different populations,
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the Chinese people, like I said, from the Caribbean. The
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railroad work also brought yeah, yea of people too. Yeah,
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And even before the railroad, there was a huge trade already,
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like a world of trade that already existed here, okay, okay,
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And that's like a huge thing that the book gets
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into because there was this and we'll get into this
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later on too, But there was a huge belief that
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the canal and the railroad brought like modernization and like
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